Readings

• Pathology is the term used when focusing on physical changes with disease while pathophysiology focuses on abnormal functioning of organs and the how and why of disease development
• Etiology: study of the cause of the disease
• Idiopathic: etiology is unknown
• There are 3 categories of etiology: Genetic, Congenital and Acquired
• In congenital etiology, genetics are typical but there are other factors that interfere with normal development such as fetal alcohol syndrome
• In acquired etiology, genetics and development are typical but there are other factors that are encountered later that causes diseases; TB, emphysema and Hepatitis
• Signs can be observed and are objective while symptoms are subjective
• Pathogenesis is the progression of signs and symptoms; includes time; acute, chronic and insidious(minor changes that fail to pique concern)
• Syndrome: signs and symptoms that show up together such as AIDS
• Sequela: is a condition resulting from a disease such as atherclerosis that occurs bcuz of hypertension
• Lesions refer to sites of injury. They're divided into local and systemic. Local splits off into focal where lesions are in 1 or more distinct area or diffuse in which they are evenly distributed.
• Iatrogenic: problem caused by medical treatment; such extrapyramidal symptoms from antipsychotics
• Nosocomial: refers to disease acquired from the hospital environment
• Morbidity: is the residual effects of a disease
• Co-morbidities: chronic conditions that affect the mortality and complication rate of a disease; someone with AIDS will struggle the common fever
• Palliative: refers to preventing pain and discomfort but not seeking to cure the disease
• There are 6 causes of disease: hereditary, traumatic, inflammation/infection, hyperplasia/neoplasms, nutritional imbalance and impaired immunity
• Hyperplasia: increased number of cells and goiter in response to hormone deficiency
• Neoplasm: refers to a tumor and use the suffix -oma.
• Cachexia: refers to an ill, thin and wasted appearance
• TPN(Total parenteral nutrition) refers to the administration of nutrients directly into the bloodstream(only source of nutrition)
• Convalescence is the stage of recovery after disease
• Disease native to local region is called an endemic disease
• Primary prevention is the prolongation of life that has occurred thru improved nutrition, economy, sanitation and housing.
• Secondary prevention occurs thru annual physical examinations and screenings.
• Tertiary prevention occurs when a disease becomes established and treatment occurs through medicine or surgery