C1: Psychology, Science or Common Sense

• Hindsight Bias ("I knew it all along" phenomenon) is the confidence or tendency to overestimate the aftermath of an event
• The Overconfidence Phenomenon is the tendency to be more confident than correct
• Confirmation Bias is the search to confirm an idea of their own
• Critical Thinking is an open-minded evaluation using different persepctives
• A Case study is the examination of of an individual or group
• A Case study's cons are that it provides unrepresented information and are expensive
• A Survey is a descriptive technique that asks people for their opinions with a questionnaire
• A Survey's cons are that many different opinions occur and has the wording effect
• Wording effect is when the choice of words effects ones opinions
• Truthfulness is the questioning of open-ended questions
• Sampling is the selection of units from a population before recording information
• False Consensus Effect is the tendency of the assumption that others share the same beliefs and behavior
• Naturalistic Observation is the technique of observing and recording one in their natural environment
• Correlation is the measurement of two factors and their relationship
• Correlation Coefficient is the statistical index of a relationship between two factors
• Scatterplot is a graph of clustered dots forming a slope of direction of two variables
• Line of Best Fit is a straight line that best fits a correlation
• Positive Correlation is when one variable increases/decreases and the other replicates it; usually bottom left to top right
• Negative Correlation is when one variable increases and the other decreases (does the opposite); usually top left to bottom right
• Illusory Correlation is the perception of a relationship that doesn't exist
• Directionality is the forward movement quality of a human
• Third Variable is the variable researchers fail to control, such as money
• Bias is the tendency to favor or turn against due to their own beliefs
• An Experiment is a method of research that controls and manipulates variables/confounding variables
• Confounding variables are variables that affect other variables
• Double Blind is where neither researchers nor the subjects know which group is recieving the treatment
• Placebo effect is the effect is thinking that a fake treatment has treated you
• Independent Variable is the variable that is being studied and manipulated
• Dependent Variable is the variable that is being measured
• Experimental Condition is the condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment
• Control Condition that serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect
• Placebo Condition is where a group feels the effect of the placebo when ingested
• Subjects are participants of the experiment
• Population is a subject taken from population and big group randomly
• Random Sample is a sample picked and assigned to a group randomly
• Random Assignment is when every participant has an equal chance of being experimental or control
• Operational Definitions are specific instructions on an experiments procedure
• Replicate is when it depends on operational definitions and a way to test experiments
• Reliable is the consistency of results of a research study
• Valid is based on how well an experiment worked for its purpose