KP - 33 Siklus Menstruasi

• The menstrual cycle is a preparation for pregnancy where the uterine lining sheds if pregnancy does not occur.
• The menstrual cycle consists of two cycles: the ovarian cycle and the uterine cycle.
• The ovarian cycle involves changes in the ovary to prepare an egg for fertilization.
• The function of the ovary is to store, maternate, and release eggs.
• The ovarian cycle consists of the follicular phase and the luteal phase.
• The follicular phase in the ovarian cycle is regulated by the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries.
• In the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, the hypothalamus releases pulsatile GnRH, the anterior pituitary releases LH and FSH, and the ovaries release granulosa cells which bind with FSH to produce aromatase.
• Theca cells in the ovaries bind with LH in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle to produce androstenedione, an androgen precursor.
• Aromatase in the ovarian cycle changes androstenedione into estrogen.
• Dua siklus dalam siklus menstruasi dapat dijelaskan.
• Fertile window dalam siklus menstruasi adalah 5 hari sebelum ovulation dan hari setelah ovulation.
• Kemampuan untuk menghitung siklus menstruasi dapat dijelaskan.
• Fase-fase siklus ovarium dan uterus dapat dijelaskan.
• Last menstrual period Amelia 2 Maret 2023.
• Biasa silklus menstruasi Jennifer 28 hari.
• Sindrom pra-menstruasi dan mekanisme di baliknya dapat dijelaskan.
• Calculasi kapan Jennifer ovulasi lagi.
• Kapan fertile window Amelia?
• Calculasi kapan Jennifer masuk phase follicular di ovarium untuk siklus menstruasi ini.
• Henry dan Amelia baru menikah dan mau punya bayi.
• Signs dari siklus menstruasi termasuk penipisan lendir serviks (high estrogen) dan basal temperature yang telah bertabur (LH surge, higher progesterone also increases temperature).
• Jennifer hari ini menstruasi hari pertama.
• Biasa siklus menstruasi Amelia 28 hari.
• Anterior pituitary in the Follicular phase is characterized by a LH surge that triggers ovulation.
• In the Menstrual phase, there is no fertilization of the ovum, leading to corpus luteum degeneration in the ovaries, low progesterone and estrogen, constriction of spiral arteries, necrosis of the endometrium, expulsion of menstrual fluid, stimulation of FSH rise again, and a high release of leukocytes.
• Ovarian Cycle (Luteal phase: D15 – 28)
• In the Secretory phase, progesterone is increasing from the corpus luteum, the glands and spiral arteries increase tortuosity, the endometrium swells and develops secretory changes, and estrogen levels are slightly increased.
• In the Luteal phase, the corpus luteum produces more progesterone than estrogen, causing the luteinized granulosa cells to secrete progesterone and the corpus albicans to form if no pregnancy occurs, leading to a drop in estrogen and progesterone and menstruation.
• Estrogen in the Follicular phase is characterized by negative feedback from the ovaries to the hypothalamus, resulting in low FSH levels and a single follicle with many FSH receptors that are maturing.
• Uterine Cycle consists of three phases: Menstrual phase, Proliferative phase, and Secretory phase.
• In the Proliferative phase, estrogen is increasing from the ovaries, the endometrium proliferates, thickens, and increases tortuosity.
• Estrogen in the Follicular phase is also characterized by positive feedback from a single follicle in the ovary, leading to increased development.
• Ovarian Cycle (Follicular phase)
• The purpose of progesterone in the Secretory phase is to store nutrients to produce a highly secretory endometrium, also known as 'uterine milk'.