anaphy 1

• Define the term anatomy?

  Study of the structure of an organism and relationship to its parts
• Define physiology?

  Study of the functions of living organisms and their parts
• State the levels of Organization?

  Chemical level

  Cellular level

  Tissue level

  Organ level

  Body system level

  Organism level
• Microscopic levels of organization?

  Atom

  Molecule

  Vesicles

  Neuron

  Group of neurons and support cells
• Gross level of organization?

  Integumentary

  Skeletal

  Muscular

  Cardiovascular

  Endocrine

  Nervous

  Reproductive

  Urinary

  Digestive

  Respiratory

  Lymphatic
• What are cells?


  Smallest living units of structure and function
• What are tissues?

  Organizations of many cells that act together to perform a common function
• What are organs?

  Groups of different kinds of tissue that work together to perform a specific function
• What are systems?

  Organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs that can work together to perform complex function on the bodies
• What is the Anatomical Position?

  • Standing upright
  • Arms at sides
  • Palms facing forward
  • Feet flat on the floor
  • Face straight ahead
• Supine?


  Lying down facing up
• Prone?

  Lying down face down
• Superior?

  Toward the head, upper, above
• Inferior?

  Towards the feet, lower, below
• Anterior?

  Front, In front of
• Posterior?

  Back, in back of
• Medial?

  Towards the midline of the body
• Lateral?

  Towards the side of the body/away from midline
• Proximal?

  Towards/nearest to the trunk, nearest to point of origin
• Distal?

  Away from, farther from trunk
• Superficial?

  Nearer the body surface
• Deep?

  Farther away from the body surface
• What are the two planes of the body?

  1. Sagittal
  2. Midsagittal
• Sagittal plane?

  Lengthwise, divides the body into left and right sections
• Midsagittal plane?

  Sagittal plane dividing the body into two equal halves
• Frontal plane?

  Lengthwise, divides structure into posterior and anterior
• Transverse plane?

  Horizontal plane, dividing a structure into upper and lower
• Longitudinal cut?

  Cut along the length of an organ
• Transverse cut?

  Cut at the right angle
• Oblique cut?

  any cut but the right angle
• What are the two types of Dorsal cavities?

  • Cranial cavity: space inside the skull that contains the brain
  • Spinal activity: space inside spinal column
• What is a body cavity?

  Space or compartment in the body that houses organs and structures
• Describe the Cranial Cavity? (location, houses, fluid, membrane)

  location: superior dorsal cavity

  houses: brain

  fluid: csf

  membrane: meninges
• Describe the Spinal Cavity? (location, houses, fluid, membrane)

  Location: Inferior Dorsal Cavity

  Houses: Spinal chord

  Fluid: CSF

  Membrane: Meninges
• Describe the Thoracic Cavity? (location, houses, fluid, membrane)

  Location: Superior Ventral Cavity

  Houses: Heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, great vessels
• Which cavities are located in the Upper Thoracic Cavity?

  1. Pleural Cavity
  2. Mediastinum
• Describe the Pleural Cavity? (location, surrounds, fluid, membrane)

  Location: Right and Left Thoracic Cavity

  Surrounds: The lungs

  Fluid: Pleural Fluid

  Membrane: Pleura
• Describe the Mediastinum? (location, contents, fluid, membrane)?

  Location: Middle Thoracic Cavity

  Main contents: Heart, trachea, esophagus, great vessels, thymus gland

  Membrane: Parietal Pleura

  Pericardial Cavity: Heart
• Describe the Abdominal Cavity? (location, houses, fluid, membrane)

  Location: Middle Ventral Cavity

  Houses: Liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, intestines

  Membrane: Peritoneum

  Fluid: Peritoneal
• Describe the Pelvic Cavity? (location, houses, fluid, membrane)?

  Location: Inferior Ventral Cavity

  Houses: Bladder, reproductive organs

  Membrane: Peritoneum