Cell structure

• What are cells considered in biology?

  Basic building blocks of life
• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

  Cells
• How do bacteria reproduce when they divide?

  They produce a whole new organism
• How do animal and plant cells differ from bacterial cells?

  Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic
• How many types of cells does an adult human contain?

  Over 40 trillion cells
• What are subcellular structures also known as?

  Organelles
• What surrounds both animal and plant cells?

  Cell membranes
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls substances passing in and out
• What contains the genetic material of the cell?

  Nucleus
• What is cytoplasm compared to?

  Water filling a water balloon
• What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

  Provide energy through aerobic respiration
• What do ribosomes do in a cell?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What extra structure do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

  Rigid cell wall
• What is the cell wall made of?

  Cellulose
• Why is the cell wall important for plant cells?

  Provides support and structure
• What does the permanent vacuole contain?

  Cell sap, sugars, salts, and water
• What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Site of photosynthesis
• What green substance do chloroplasts contain?

  Chlorophyll
• How do bacterial cells differ from eukaryotic cells?

  Bacterial cells lack mitochondria and nucleus
• What do bacterial cells contain instead of a nucleus?

  Single circular strand of DNA
• What are plasmids in bacteria?

  Small rings of DNA with extra genes
• What structure helps bacteria move?

  Flagella
• What is the function of flagella in bacteria?

  Propel the bacteria along
• What are the main similarities and differences between animal and plant cells?

  Similarities:

  • Both have cell membranes
  • Both have a nucleus
  • Both have cytoplasm
  • Both have mitochondria
  • Both have ribosomes

  
  

  Differences:

  • Plant cells have a rigid cell wall
  • Plant cells have chloroplasts
  • Plant cells have a permanent vacuole
• What are the key features of bacterial cells?

  • Prokaryotic and unicellular
  • Have a cell membrane and cell wall
  • Contain ribosomes and cytoplasm
  • Lack mitochondria and chloroplasts
  • Genetic material is a circular strand of DNA
  • May have plasmids and flagella