Digestive Enzymes

• What are the three main biological molecules mentioned in the video?

  Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
• Why do we need to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

  To absorb smaller soluble molecules into the bloodstream
• What role do enzymes play in the breakdown of biological molecules?

  They speed up the rate of chemical reactions
• What is starch made of?

  Glucose monomers
• What enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?

  Amylase
• What is maltose composed of?

  Two glucose molecules
• Which enzyme breaks down maltose into glucose?

  Maltase
• What are proteins broken down into?

  Amino acids
• What type of enzymes break down proteins?

  Protease enzymes
• Name two specific protease enzymes.

  Trypsin and pepsin
• What do lipids refer to?

  Fats and oils
• What enzyme breaks down lipids?

  Lipase
• What are the smaller molecules that lipids are broken down into?

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• What is the function of bile in lipid digestion?

  It emulsifies lipids into smaller droplets
• How does emulsification help in lipid digestion?

  It increases the surface area for lipase action
• Where are amylase, protease, and lipase enzymes produced?

  Pancreas and small intestine
• Which additional gland produces amylase?

  Salivary glands
• Which additional organ produces protease enzymes?

  Stomach
• What are the steps involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

  • Carbohydrates:
  • Starch → Maltose (Amylase)
  • Maltose → Glucose (Maltase)
  • Proteins:
  • Proteins → Amino acids (Protease)
  • Lipids:
  • Lipids → Glycerol and fatty acids (Lipase)
  • Bile emulsifies lipids
• What is the relationship between enzymes and the molecules they break down?

  • Enzymes are specific to substrates
  • Amylase breaks down starch
  • Protease breaks down proteins
  • Lipase breaks down lipids