Active Transport

• What is active transport?

  Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport requires energy; diffusion does not
• What analogy is used to describe diffusion?

  Water flowing downhill
• What is the energy source for active transport?

  Energy from cellular respiration
• Where does cellular respiration mainly occur?

  In the mitochondria
• What do ATP molecules do in the cell?

  Act like batteries transporting energy
• What is the definition of active transport?

  Movement of molecules from lower to higher concentration
• Why do plants need to absorb water and mineral ions?

  To survive and grow
• What are root hair cells adapted for?

  Absorbing water and mineral ions
• How are root hair cells adapted for absorption?

  They have long hair-like protrusions
• Why can't plants absorb minerals by diffusion?

  Minerals are at higher concentration inside the cell
• What is the role of mitochondria in root hair cells?

  Provide energy for active transport
• What are the key adaptations of root hair cells?

  • Long hair-like protrusions for large surface area
  • High number of mitochondria for energy
• What is the process that provides energy for active transport?

  Cellular respiration
• What do root hair cells absorb from the soil?

  Water and mineral ions
• How does the concentration gradient affect active transport in root hair cells?

  It requires energy to move against the gradient
• What minerals do plants need for chlorophyll production?

  Magnesium ions
• What minerals do plants need for protein production?

  Nitrates
• What is the relationship between root hair cells and soil?

  Root hair cells absorb nutrients from soil
• How do root hair cells utilize energy from cellular respiration?

  To perform active transport of minerals
• What is the significance of having a large surface area in root hair cells?

  It increases absorption efficiency
• What is the main function of root hair cells?

  To absorb water and minerals
• What happens to minerals during active transport in root hair cells?

  They move from lower to higher concentration
• How does the structure of root hair cells support their function?

  Long protrusions increase surface area for absorption