GCSE Chemistry

• If a reaction has a low atom economy, what does it imply about waste?

  More waste is produced from the reaction
• What is the first step to calculate atom economy?

  Identify desired products and all reactants
• What does the atom economy indicate about a chemical reaction?

  It shows how efficiently reactants convert to products
• How is atom economy calculated?

  Using the formula: (Mass of Desired Products / Total Mass of Reactants) x 100
• If a reaction has 80% atom economy, what percentage of reactants ends up as waste?

  20%
• What does atom economy measure?

  Mass of desired products from reactants
• How does high atom economy contribute to sustainable practices in chemistry?

  By minimizing waste and conserving resources
• What is the resource use efficiency in high atom economy?

  It is efficient
• What is the difference between atom economy and percentage yield?

  • Atom Economy: Measures mass of desired products from reactants.
  • Percentage Yield: Compares actual vs predicted product amount.
• If you react 20g of Substance A with 30g of Substance B to produce 40g of Product C and 10g of Waste D, and Product C is the desired product, what is the atom economy?

  $80$
• What are the three elements represented by the letters A, B, and C in the image?


  A, B, and C
• How does high atom economy affect waste production?

  It produces less waste
• What are the two ways to measure reaction efficiency?

  Atom economy and percentage yield
• What is the formula used to calculate the Percentage Atom Economy?

  Percentage Atom Economy = (Mr of C) / ((Mr of A) + (Mr of B)) x 100
• How does low atom economy affect cost effectiveness?

  It results in low cost effectiveness
• What is the main focus of sustainable chemistry?

  Improving atom economy
• What is atom economy?

  A concept in sustainable chemistry
• How does the Percentage Atom Economy differ from the concept of yield in a chemical reaction?

  Percentage Atom Economy measures efficiency, while yield measures quantity of product
• What is the significance of the Percentage Atom Economy?

  • Measures the efficiency of a chemical reaction
  • Indicates how much of the reactants are incorporated into the final product
  • Higher percentage means more efficient use of raw materials
  • Important for sustainable and environmentally-friendly chemistry
• How does the atom economy formula differ from the formula for percent yield?

  Atom economy focuses on the mass of desired products relative to total reactants, while percent yield focuses on the actual amount of product obtained compared to the theoretical maximum.
• What are the two steps to calculate atom economy?

  1. Identify the desired product(s) and all the reactants in the chemical equation. 2. Use the atom economy formula.
• What does percentage yield compare?

  Actual vs predicted product amount
• How can chemists improve the Percentage Atom Economy of a reaction?

  • Use reactants with higher atomic masses
  • Minimize formation of by-products
  • Design reactions with fewer steps
  • Improve catalyst efficiency
  • Recycle and reuse starting materials
• What does an 80% atom economy indicate about a chemical process?

  It is more environmentally friendly
• How do atom economy and percentage yield apply to Reaction 1?

  • Atom Economy: Measures how much Mg and H₂SO₄ becomes MgSO₄.
  • Percentage Yield: Measures how much MgSO₄ crystals were collected compared to expected.
• What are the differences between high and low atom economy?

  • High Atom Economy:
  • Less waste production
  • Efficient resource use
  • High cost effectiveness
  • Low Atom Economy:
  • More waste production
  • Inefficient resource use
  • Low cost effectiveness
• What is the best case scenario for atom economy?

  100% of reactants become products
• What is the formula for atom economy?

  (Mass desired / Total mass) x 100%
• What is the formula for percentage yield?

  (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) x 100%
• What does the arrow between B and C represent in the image?

  The only product
• If the relative molar masses (Mr) of A, B, and C are 10, 20, and 30 respectively, what is the Percentage Atom Economy?

  $60\%$
• What are the overall benefits of implementing strategies to improve atom economy?

  • Reduces waste
  • Conserves resources
  • Increases efficiency of chemical processes
• What are the strategies to improve atom economy in sustainable chemistry?

  1. Design reactions with 100% atom economy
  2. Use catalysts to promote reactions
  3. Choose pathways that minimize waste
  4. Reuse byproducts where possible
• What does atom economy measure in a chemical reaction?

  Percentage of reactants converted to useful products
• Why is it important to choose reaction pathways that minimize waste products?

  To enhance efficiency and reduce environmental impact
• What does designing reactions with 100% atom economy entail?

  Reactants completely convert to desired products
• What is the benefit of reusing byproducts in chemical processes?

  It reduces waste and conserves resources
• How do catalysts contribute to improving atom economy?

  They promote reactions without being consumed
• How does higher atom economy contribute to sustainability?

  It produces less waste and conserves resources
• What is a simple analogy for understanding atom economy?

  Seeing how many ingredients end up on your plate