Molecular Genetics 2.0

• DNA provides instructions for what type of biological molecule?

  proteins
• The DNA sequence is transcribed into mRNA, which then travels to the ribosome.
• Which cellular structures are the protein machines? Where are they found?

  Ribosomes. In the cytoplasm or the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
• Transcription is the process of copying the DNA into RNA, which is the first step in protein synthesis
• translation is the process of converting the information in the mRNA into a sequence of amino acids
• how many letters code for an amino acid?

  3
• transcription occurs in the nucleus. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
• mRNA - messenger RNA: the instructions for making a protein are encoded within its sequence of nucleotides

  tRNA - transfer RNA: attaches to amino acids and then transfers them to the ribosome during translation

  rRNA - ribosomal RNA: combines with ribosomal proteins to make up the actual ribosomes.