PHYSICS

• Physics is the science that deals with the properties and interrelationships of matter and energy, excluding chemical and biological changes. It includes the study of force, motion, heat, light, sound, electricity, magnetism, radiation, and atomic energy.
• TOPIC: COORDINATE SYSTEM

  A coordinate system is a mathematical method used to represent the position of points.
• TOPIC: COORDINATE SYSTEM

  Cartesian coordinate system

  • The usual convention is that, on the x-axis, anything to the right of the origin is considered positive and anything to the left is considered negative.
  • The y-axis works in a similar manner; anything above the origin is positive and below the origin is negative.
• TOPIC: KINEMATICS

  Distance

  • A scalar quantity that measures the interval between two locations measured along the actual path connecting them
• TOPIC: KINEMATICS

  Distance

  • Distance is scalar; therefore, it has a magnitude and it is one-dimensional.
• TOPIC: KINEMATICS

  Displacement - A vector quantity that measures the interval between two locations measured along the shortest path connecting them.
• TOPIC: KINEMATICS

  Displacement is vector; therefore, it has both magnitude and direction and it is two-dimensional.
• TOPIC: KINEMATICS

  Speed - The rate of motion, or the rate of change of position of an object over time. 
• TOPIC: KINEMATICS

  Speed is a scalar quantity which refers to "how fast an object is moving."
• TOPIC: KINEMATICS

   Velocity - The rate of linear motion of an object in a particular direction over time.
• TOPIC: KINEMATICS

   Velocity is a vector quantity which refers to "how fast and in which direction an object is moving."
• TOPIC: KINEMATICS

  Acceleration - The rate of change of velocity over time.
• TOPIC: KINEMATICS

   Acceleration is a vector quantity
• TOPIC: NEWTON'S LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION

  Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

  Any two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two bodies and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 
• TOPIC: PROJECTILE MOTION

  Projectile - An object or body thrown with an initial velocity and whose motion is influenced by the pull of gravity.
• TOPIC: PROJECTILE MOTION

  Trajectory - The path of a projectile that follows through space.
• TOPIC: PROJECTILE MOTION

  Gravitational free-fall - The motion of an object vertically downward with initial velocity of zero
• TOPIC: PROJECTILE MOTION

  Projectile Motion - The motion of a body (the projectile) projected into the air with a constant acceleration. 
• TOPIC: PROJECTILE MOTION

  The object's vertical motion is the same as that of an object undergoing only gravitational free-fall. Gravity only affects the object's vertical motion; therefore, it cannot change the object's horizontal speed, and the component of the object's horizontal velocity remains constant throughout its motion.
• TOPIC: THREE LAWS OF MOTION

  Three laws of motion set forth by Isaac Newton over 300 years ago describe the behavior of a moving object
• TOPIC: THREE LAWS OF MOTION

  Newton's First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)

  • A body will remain in its state of rest or in uniform motion along a straight line unless acted upon by an outside force.
• TOPIC: THREE LAWS OF MOTION

  Law of Inertia

  • Example: rollercoaster ride
  • As the roller coaster begins to move, you are pressed backward into your seat. This happens because your inertia works to keep you at rest.
• TOPIC: THREE LAWS OF MOTION

  Law of Inertia

  • If the car stops abruptly, you will continue moving forward. Once you are moving, your inertia works to keep you in motion.
• TOPIC: THREE LAWS OF MOTION

  Newton's Second Law of Motion (Law of Acceleration)

  • A net force acting on the body produces an acceleration which is in the direction of the force.
  • This acceleration is directly proportional to the force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
  • This means that the greater the mass of an object, the more force must be applied to change its state of motion.
• TOPIC: THREE LAWS OF MOTION

  Law of Acceleration

  • example:  If you have ever tried to move a piano, you know that it takes considerably more energy to move it than to move a guitar. As you might expect, it also takes more force to stop a larger object than to stop a smaller one.
• TOPIC: THREE LAWS OF MOTION

  Law of Acceleration

  • Weight is the measure of the gravitational force of an object.
  • The metric unit of weight is the Newton
• TOPIC: THREE LAWS OF MOTION

  Law of Acceleration

  • Mass is the measure of the resistance of an object to change its state of motion —a measure of inertia.
  • The metric unit of mass is the kilogram
• TOPIC: THREE LAWS OF MOTION

  Newton's Third Law of Motion (Law of Interaction)

  • For every force, there is an equal and opposite force. These two forces, although equal and oppositely directed, do not balance each other since both are not exerted on the same body. 
• TOPIC: THREE LAWS OF MOTION

  Law of Interaction

  • example: pump off a diving board
  • The downward push on the diving board results in an equivalent upward push that lifts you into the air.
• TOPIC: MOMENTUM

  Momentum is the product of the mass of an object and its velocity. 
• TOPIC: MOMENTUM

  Momentum for object A plus momentum for object B before the crash will be the same as momentum for object A plus momentum for object B after the crash. 
• TOPIC: MOMENTUM

   Impulse is the product of the force and the time during which the force acts on the body. Impulse acting on the object of mass causes the velocity of the object to change.
• TOPIC: TORQUE

  Torque is a force that tends to produce rotation about an axis.
• TOPIC: TORQUE

  Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist.
• TOPIC: TORQUE

  The motion in which an object rotates about an axis is called rotational motion. This occurs when some force is applied at any point other than its center of gravity, when at least some of the force produces a torque.
• TOPIC: TORQUE

  The type of motion in which a body or object moves along a linear axis rather than a rotational axis is called translational motion. This occurs when the force is directly applied at its center of gravity.
• TOPIC: TORQUE

  If an object is to move in a circular path at constant speed, a centripetal force is needed. This force causes the object to be accelerated towards the circle's center. The acceleration caused by this force is called centripetal acceleration.
• TOPIC: FRICTION

  Friction is a force which acts between surfaces of objects in contact where one or both objects move or are about to move relative to each other. It depends on the force pressing the bodies together and on the nature of the surfaces in contact. It does not depend on the area of surfaces in contact. 
• TOPIC: FRICTION

  Friction is classified into three types, namely:

  • Static or Starting Friction
  • Kinetic or Sliding Friction
  • Rolling Friction
• TOPIC: FRICTION

  Static or Starting Friction - The frictional force generated when one surface starts to slide across another surface.