validity

• social desirability bias is when pp's hide genuine opinions to be more socially acceptable
• demand characteristics is whn pp's think they've discovered the true aim so behave in a way to support their idea
• investigator effects is when researcher's behaviour influences pp's behaviour
• uncontrolled extraneous variables is a lack of control and not using standardised procedures
• ecological validity = extent to which findings can be generalised
• mundane realism = extent to which experimental activities are similar to real-life
• population validity = extent to which sample is representative of target
• temporal validity= extent to which findings can be generalised over time
• predictive validity is how well findings can predict future outcomes
• face validity is how much the investigation seems to be assessing what it says it is
• internal validity is the extent to which the findings support cause and effect
• external validity is the extent to which findings can be generlised out of the context of the study and to the general population
• how to improve internal validity?

  • random allocation
  • standardised procedures
  • counterbalancing
  • single/double-blind trials
  • peer review
• how to improve external validity?

  • different settings
  • diverse groups
  • replicating historical studies
  • use real-life tasks