Origins of psychology

• Who established the first psychology laboratory?

  Wilhelm Wundt
• What method did Wundt use to study the mind?

  Introspection
• How did Wundt's approach differ from broader philosophical methods?

  It marked the separation of psychology from philosophy
• What was the aim of Wundt's experiments?

  To study the structure of consciousness
• What did Wundt's standardization of procedures allow for?

  Replication of experiments
• What did participants do in Wundt's experiments?

  Tick a metronome
• What was a significant outcome of Wundt's early attempts?

  Marked the separation of scientific psychology
• What did early behaviorists reject?

  Introspection
• Why did John B. Watson argue against introspection?

  It was subjective and varied among individuals
• What did the behaviorist approach emphasize in psychology?

  Observable and measurable phenomena
• Who brought rigor to the behaviorist approach in the 1930s?

  B.F. Skinner
• What focus did behaviorists have in their studies?

  Learning through controlled studies
• How did cognitive psychologists study mental processes?

  Using scientific procedures in controlled environments
• What approach emerged in the 1950s?

  Cognitive approach
• What technological advances were introduced in the 1990s?

  Recording brain activity and scanning techniques
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Wundt's approach to psychology?

  Strengths:

  • Established psychology as a scientific discipline
  • Used standardized procedures for experiments
  • Focused on observable phenomena in a lab setting

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Relied on subjective introspection
  • Considered unscientific by later psychologists
  • Participants might not accurately report private thoughts
• What did Wundt's method of introspection involve?

  Participants reporting their conscious experiences
• Why is the behaviorist approach considered scientific?

  It relies on observable and measurable data
• How did the cognitive approach differ from behaviorism?

  Cognitive approach studies mental processes
• What is a limitation of the cognitive approach?

  Mental processes may remain private
• What is one of the main focuses of the biological approach?

  Recording brain activity
• What is a key feature of the behaviorist approach?

  Carefully controlled studies
• what is reductionism

  • belief that human behaviour can be explained by breaking it down into smaller components
• what did Wundt believe about reductionism

  • it could be used to break down the complexities of the human mind into smaller parts
• whats introspection

  when individuals describe their mental processes