Bio energetics

• In order for a plant to grow and survive it has to carry out photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis


   the process by which plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose
• Photosynthesis word equation

  carbon dioxide + water ---(with light energy)---> glucose + oxygen
• Photosynthesis symbol equation

  6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Body mass index= Weight(kg)/height(m2)
• Factors affecting metabolism

  • Age
  • Sex
  • Body size/weight
  • Stress
  • Pregnancy
• Catabolism

  the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy
• Anabolism

  the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy
• Metabolism

  the chemical reactions in the body's cells that change food into energy.
• metabolism=anabolism + catabolism
• Aerobic Respiration

  the process of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen gas to produce energy from food.
• Anaerobic Respiration

  a type of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
• lactic acid + oxygen---->glucose
• Lactic Acid

  • is poisonous to muscles
  • it stops them contracting and relaxing
  • they become fatigued
• Red blood cells contain haemoglobin.
• transpiration

  occurs when plants take up liquid water from the soil and release water vapor into the air from their leaves.
• Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction.
• Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast.
• Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

  • Carbon Dioxide Concentration
  • Temperature
  • Chlorophyll Concentration
  • Light Intensity
• High chlorophyll concentration gives a high rate of photosynthesis.
• Increasing the temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis
• If the temperature is increased to above 45 degrees, the enzyme denatures and the reaction stops
• Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose.
• Metabolic Reactions:

  • Converting Glucose
  • Breaking down excess proteins
  • Making lipids
  • Making amino acids
• Glucose molecules can be joined together to produce starch (in plants).
• Homeostasis

  Self-regulating process by which a living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.
• Increase the rate of respiration

  • Increase breathing rate
  • Increased heart rate
  • Increase in breath volume
  • Blood vessels dilate
• Oxygen debt

  Refers to the extra oxygen that is need after exercise to oxidise lactic acid and get it out of cells.
• Repaying the debt

  Blood transports the lactic acid to the liver, where it reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.