English 8 - Grammatical Signals or Expressions

• Idea development in writing is done by organizing ideas that suit the writer’s purpose logically and clearly.
• Grammatical signals are writing devices such as transitional devices, connectors, determiners, and repetitions that are used to maintain text coherence.
• Coherence establishes a logical connection between ideas in sentences and paragraphs.
• Ideas can be developed through different patterns depending on the writer’s purpose.
• Pattern of idea development refers to the structure of writing on how the ideas are being presented.
• Five of the commonly used patterns of idea development are general to particular, cause and effect, claim-counterclaim, problem-solution, and persuasion.
• General to particular pattern of idea development discusses the general topic by presenting specific details that support the topic.
• Cause and effect pattern of idea development explains the causes or the effects of something.
• Claim and counterclaim pattern of idea development refers to the structure of presenting a side of an issue in an argumentative manner.
• Problem-solution pattern of idea development is used when a writer identifies a problem and addresses it by presenting one or more solutions.
• Persuasion pattern of idea development intends to convince the readers to do or believe in something.
• Grammatical signals to be used in persuasive pattern of idea development include transitional devices, connectors, determiners, and repetitions.
• Entertainment Speech is a kind of speech where the main purpose is enjoyment, making the audience laugh or smile, delivered during lighthearted dinners or situations that call for humor, amusement, and relaxation.
• Euology is a speech given at a memorial service to pay tribute to the deceased, typically brief but specific, heartfelt, and thoughtful.
• Toast is a brief tribute to a person or event, delivered during a social gathering, allowing the speaker to acknowledge accomplishments and express best wishes for the future.
• Roast is a particular kind of toast that is humorous and pokes fun at the honored person in a friendly way, generally considered a high honor to be roasted, and in most cases, a roast is reserved for individuals who have achieved respect and a noteworthy reputation.
• Tribute is a speech that pays special accolades to an occasion, extraordinary person, event, idea, or monument, with the purpose or scope of the speech to reflect the emotions felt by the audience as well as underscore the reasons for the speaking event.
• Writing the Introduction of an Entertainment Speech involves capturing the attention of the audience, using humor, anecdotes, and other witty remarks.
• Writing the Body of an Entertainment Speech differs from stand-up comedy, with a clear message that is elaborated in the body of the speech, revolving around a central theme, and including supporting details.
• Writing the Conclusion of an Entertainment Speech should be memorable, summarizing the central theme of the speech, and aiming to leave the audience laughing.
• Turn of phrase is a figure of speech that turns a serious point around by revealing an unexpected point.
• Pun uses two words that suggest two different meanings.
• Exaggeration is a figure of speech that turns small things into bigger, unbelievable ones.
• Understatement is a figure of speech employed by underplaying a bigger situation or issue.