Cell structures

• Plant and animal cells (eukaryotic cells) have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus containing the genetic material.
• Bacterial cells (prokaryotic cells) are much smaller in comparison. They have cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus. It is a single DNA loop and may have one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.
• Most animal cells have the following parts: • a nucleus • cytoplasm • a cell membrane • mitochondria [aerobic respiration occurs, producing energy needed for the cell to survive and function]• Ribsomes [produces ribosomes, which are the site of protein synthesis]
• In addition to the parts found in animal cells, plant cells often have: • chloroplasts • a permanent vacuole filled with cell sap.
• Plant and algal cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell.