4) DNA And Genome

• The genetic material in the nucleus of a cell is made of a chemical called DNA.
• •The DNA is contained in structures called chromosomes.
• A gene is a small section of DNA on a chromosome.
• • Each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids, to make a specific protein.
• The genome of an organism is the entire genetic material of that organism.
•  The whole human genome has now been studied and this may have some important uses in the future, e.g.

  • doctors can search for genes linked to different types of disorder
  • it can help scientists to understand the cause of inherited disorders and how to treat them
  • scientists can investigate how humans may have changed over time.