Van Ijzendoorm & Kroonenberg (1988)

Cards (13)

  • Cross-sectional study: A study that looks at the relationship between two or more variables at one point in time.
  • Van Ijzendoorm & Kroonenberg aimed to see if there were similarities and differences in attachment types in different countries using large sample data.
  • Meta-Analysis- where researchers combine the findings from multiple studies to draw an overall conclusion.
  • The meta-analysis was of 32 different studies conducted in 8 different countries, 1990 strange situation study’s classified.
  • The countries included in Van Ijzendoorm & Kroonenberg were China, Great Britain, Netherlands, Sweden, Israel, Japan, Germany and USA.
  • The study criteria for the strange situations were Mother-child strange situation, ABC classification, No special needs included, Children had to be under 2 years old.
  • Individualistic culture- people are more likely to be self-reliant and independent.
  • Collectivist culture- People are more likely to be concerned with the group than the individual.
  • Van Ijzendoorm & Kroonenberg (1988) concluded that the universal consistency of attachment types may be explained by the effects of the media.
  • Van Ijzendoorm & Kroonenberg (1988) concluded that secure attachment may be prerequisite for health development.
  • Van Ijzendoorm & Kroonenberg results were in all but one country Type B was found to be the most common attachment.
  • Grossman in Germany found type A most common attachment type.
  • There were high level of anxious-resistant attachment in Israel.