Biological Molecules

• Carbohydrates can be classified into three main types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
• Biological molecules are molecules made by a living organism, that contains carbon as its backbone (2 or more carbons)
• Monomers are molecules that are made of the same bulding block, simple
• Polymers are many larger molecule that is made of two or more monomers
• The four major classes of biological molecules are proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids
• Hydrophilic- ability to absorb (and dissolve easily) in water. Loves water.
• Hydrophobic- doesn't dissolve in water. Hates water.
• Carbohydrates chemical properties: repeating units of CH20
• Carbohydrate functions: energy storage, structural support, signaling molecules
• Protein function: enzymes, hormones, antibodies, transporting substances around body
• Lipids chemical properties: hydrophobic, often have long chains of CH2 (hydrocarbons)
• Hydrocarbon- tails with just carbons and hydrogen
• Saturated- each carbon along the backbone, has max numbers of hydrogens hangingg off
• Unsaturated: one or more carbons along the backbone, have let go of hydrogens and formed one or more double bonds with neighboring carbons
• Lipids- variations of fatty acids
• Triglyceride- made with three fatty acids tails + glycerol
• Phospholipid- two fatty acid tails + gycerol and phosphate group
• Lipids functions: structures, high enegy molecules, and signaling molecules
• Proteins- made from long chains of amino acids (monomers)
• Protein function- enzymes, receptors, structure, transport molecules, basis of contractions/tension
• Nucleic Acids- made of nucleotides, which are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
• glucose- monosaccharide
• sucrose- disaccharide