Active transport

• The cells on the surface of a plant root grow into hairs which stick out into the soil
• Each branch of root will be covered with these microscopic hairs meaning that the plant will have a large surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from soil
• the concentration of mineral ions is usually higher in the root hair cells than in the soil around them, so mineral ions are absorbed by active transport and water is absorbed by osmosis
• Active transport is movement of particles across a membrane against a concentration gradient ( e.g from area of low concentration to area of high concentration) using energy transferred during respiration
• Meristematic tissue allows plant to divide and grow
• Active transport = the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration and required energy from respiration
• Active transport gets energy from cellular respiration
• Active transport always takes place across a membrane and require special protein that sit in membrane to transfer molecule from one side to the other
• This is active transport

  
• Cellular respiration is responsible for the production of ATP by storing energy in this molecule
• ATP is a molecule that takes energy from the mitochondria to different parts of the cell that need it
• On the outside of the roots, there are root hair cells that absorb water and minerals from the soil. ( these are specialised plant cells)
• Root hair cells are adapted into having a large surface area and a lot of mitochondria as it allows active transport to absorb minerals such as Mg2+ (magnesium) to produce chlorophyll and NO-3 (nitrate) to produce proteins
• What is ATP?

  A molecule that carries energy to different parts of cell
• Why is ATP used?

  It realises energy very quickly
• What Adaptions do root hair cells have?

  large surface area to absorb more minerals and water