PART 2 : PROMOTING AND ENFORCING HUMAN RIGHTS

• what is state sovereignty ?

  the authority of an independent state to govern itself.This means the power of each state to make and enforce their own laws without interference from other external states
• how does state sovereignty effect the enforcement of human rights ?

  Allows countries to avoid compliance with the UDHR as no one can interfere, limiting the enforceable of the UDHR
• what are the 5 organs of the United Nations?

  1. general assembly
  2. security council
  3. secretariat
  4. economic and social council
  5. ICJ
• what is the UN general assembly ?

  Un organ the represents all member states - it is the main forum for international discussion, declarations, deliberations and recommendations
• what is the UN Security Council ?

  responsible for preservation of international peace and security via legacy binding resolutions. They can authorise military actions, sanctions. They consist of 5 permanent members - UK, US, china, Russia and France
• what is the UN social and economic council ?

  repsoible for promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. They have 54 rotating members, they are the central forum for discussion of these HR issues
• What is the UN secretariat ?

  main administrative body which is headed by the UN secretary general. It provides various information, studies tasks and facilities needed by the UN
• What is the UN ICJ ?


  primary judicial organ of the UN. The jurisdiction is given under the UN charter 1945 to settle international disputes submitted by member states. They provide advisory opinion to the UNGA and International law matters
• What is an IGO ?

  Intergovernmental organisation is an international institute of member states. Each organisation has a treating which outlines its purpose. They are permanent and subject to international law
• What is the role of IGOs?

  They promote an protect human rights and can exert significant influence on the human rights situation of their member states
• What is INTERPOL ?


  International criminal police organization is an IGO which was establish din 1923 with 196 member states. They help police over the world to make world a safer place by sharing/accessing data on crimes and offering technical and operational support
• How does Interpol enforce human rights ?

  Through leading operations and initiatives which lead to the rescue and protection of victims and arrest of wrong doers
• How does interpol promote human rights ?

  BY assessing current threats and trend, producing analysis report to support law enforcement decision making in member states
• what is the ICC ?

  International criminal court which was established under the Rome statute of international criminal court 1998 .This treaty wa signed by 122 states committing to the establishment of this permanent court for war crimes and genocide. It acme into affect in 2002
• What is the ICJ?

  International Court of Justice which was established under article 14 of the un charter, it decides cases based on conventions and customary law through majority voting. iy provides non binding advisory opinions on legal questions referred to by the general assembly
• What is the UNHRCSIA ?

  United Nations Human Rights Council Special Procedures and Independent Experts Eestabsihed under the ICCPR. It is a quasi judicial body which assesses member states compliance with the ICCPR. It can heart personal complaints about hR violations
• What is the European court of human rights ?

  It was established in 1959. The court is tasked with enforcing the european convention on HR 1950. It applies and safe guards the rights outlined and guaranteed in the convention
• what are the ADHOC tribunals ?

  they are temporary judicial bodies established to address specific cases or conflicts "as needed" then deconstructed Ince issues resolved
• what is an NGO ?

  Non government organisations that are independent of and without ay support of any government
• what is the role of NGOs ?

  raise awareness of HR abuses, promote government compliance through investigations, research, documentation and publicising Cases. Some engage with perpetrators or victims and provide evidence to international courts
• why is media important ?

  Role of free/impartal media and peoples rights to information is recognised as a human rights in article 19 of UDHR
• What is the role of media ?

  Promotes HR complained thought naming dn shaming violators, reporting HR violations, influencing public opinion and pressuring governments for change