Animal Studies of Attachment: Lorenz and Harlow

• What do some psychologists study in animal behavior?

  Why animals act the way they do
• Why is animal research useful for studying human behavior?

  Studies can be conducted that aren't possible on humans
• What ethical concerns arise from animal research?

  Different mental experiences of animals and humans
• Who conducted influential research on attachment in animals?

  Conrad Lorenz and Harry Harlow
• What did Lorenz investigate in his research?

  Imprinting in gray lag geese
• What did Lorenz find about goslings that he hatched?

  They imprinted on him as the first moving object
• What is the critical period for imprinting in goslings according to Lorenz?

  32 hours after hatching
• What does Lorenz's work suggest about attachment behavior in birds?

  It has a biological basis and is vision-based
• What theory did Harlow's research test?

  The learning theory of attachment
• What did Harlow's experiment involve?

  Infant monkeys and surrogate mothers
• What did Harlow find about the monkeys' preference for surrogate mothers?

  They preferred the cloth mother for comfort
• What did Harlow conclude about the nature of attachment?

  It is based on the need for comfort, not food
• What long-term issues did Harlow's monkeys face?

  Problems interacting with other monkeys
• How did Bowlby relate Harlow's findings to human attachment?

  He argued humans crave comfort from mothers
• What is the critical period for human attachment according to Bowlby?

  From 6 to 30 months
• How does human recovery from deprivation differ from goslings according to later research?

  Humans have a sensitive period, not critical
• How has knowledge from Lorenz and Harlow influenced childcare practices?

  Encouraged immediate physical contact after birth
• What ethical concerns are associated with Harlow's research?

  Subjects experienced suffering and stress
• What is a cost-benefit perspective on Harlow's research?

  Some argue the research was justified
• Why is it important to evaluate the ethics of a study separately from its findings?

  Ethics do not determine data validity
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  Cat Posnik and Ahmed Romani
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