Applied anatomy and physiology

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    • what are the names of the valves
      bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve
    • what splits left and right side of the heart?
      septum
    • what splits the left and the right side of the heart?
      septum
    • what is the function of the breathing system?
      deliver oxygen to the working muscles whilst removing carbon dioxide
    • what does the left side of the heart transport?
      oxygenated blood
    • how does the respiratory pump work?
      when muscles contract and relax during inspiration and expiration pressure changes occur in the abdominal cavities the pressure change compresses the nearby veins causing a pump
    • what is meant by blood pressure?
      the force exerted by the blood on the inside walls of the blood vessels
    • what is blood flow?
      the volumeof blood flowing into the system from the left ventricle
    • what is peripheral resistance?
      the resistance offered to the flow of blood due to friction
    • how do you calculate blood pressure?
      blood flow x resistance
    • the oxyhaemoglobin curve
    • how does inspiration happen?
      -intercostal muscles contract ribs up and out
      -diaphragm contracts flattening
      -chest cavity size increases
      -the pressure decreases so air goes in
    • how does expiration happen?
      -intercostal muscles relax ribs down and in
      -diaphragm relaxes curving
      -chest cavity size decreases
      -the pressure increases so air goes out
    • why is gaseous exchange at the alveoli efficient?
      -the gradient is one cell thick
      -thin capillary and alveolus walls
      -large surface of alveoli area
      -narrow diameter (slow passage of reed blood cells)
      -film of moisture on the alveolus
    • blood entering the alveoli has a 1. _____ partial pressure of 2. ________ when compared to the in the alveoli
      1. low
      2. oxygen
    • oxygen diffuses from and area of 1. ____ to 2. ____ partial pressure from the alveoli into the capillaries
      1. high
      2. low
    • the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli (capillaries) is 1. ____ this creates a diffusion gradient so the carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries to the alveoli as its moving from 2. ____ concentration to 3. ____ concentration
      1. high
      2. high
      3. low
    • what is anticipatory rise?
      An increase in heart rate prior to exercise, due to the release of adrenalin.
    • what is systolic blood pressure?
      blood pressure when the heart is contracting
    • what is diastolic blood pressure?
      blood pressure while the heart is relaxing
    • what is blood pressure?
      a measure of the force that your blood exerts against blood vessel walls
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