Gender and Culture Bias

• What is often assumed when discussing psychological theories?

  They apply universally to everyone
• What issue arises when examining the creators of psychological theories?

  Most were white males with biases
• What does "WEIRD" refer to in psychological research?

  Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic
• What are the two main sources of bias in psychology discussed?

  • Gender bias
  • Cultural bias
• What is gender bias in psychological research?

  Influence of stereotypes on behavior assumptions
• How does cultural bias affect psychological research?

  Judging behavior through one's cultural norms
• What does "universality" mean in psychology?

  Behavior is true for all humans
• What is the problem with using "WEIRD" samples in research?

  They are not representative of global populations
• What is alpha bias in psychology?

  Overemphasis on differences between genders
• What does evolutionary theory suggest about male behavior?

  Males are innately promiscuous due to biology
• What is beta bias in psychology?

  Assuming no differences in behavior between genders
• How does Milgram's research exemplify beta bias?

  Only male participants were used in the study
• What is the fight or flight response based on?

  A male survival strategy during threats
• What alternative response does Taylor suggest for females?

  Tend and befriend to ensure survival
• What percentage of psychological research subjects are from the USA?

  68%
• What is ethnocentrism in psychology?

  Viewing one's culture as superior to others
• How does Ainsworth's Strange Situation exemplify cultural bias?

  It may misinterpret non-Western child-rearing
• What is imposed etic in psychology?

  Applying one culture's norms to all cultures
• What does cultural relativism emphasize?

  Understanding behavior in its cultural context
• What is the first step to reduce bias in psychology?

  Admit there is a problem with bias
• How can equal representation in research help reduce bias?

  It includes diverse perspectives in psychology
• What is a reflexive approach in research?

  Researchers reflect on their own biases
• Why is it important to clarify findings relate only to specific samples?

  To avoid misleading other researchers or media