Gender And Culture Bias

• What is often assumed about psychological theories?

  They apply to everyone
• What influences the creation of psychological theories?

  The unique perspectives of their creators
• Who predominantly created accepted psychological theories?

  White males
• What does "WEIRD" refer to in psychological research?

  Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic
• What are the two sources of bias in psychology discussed?

  • Gender bias
  • Culture bias
• What is gender bias in psychology?

  Influence of stereotypes on theoretical assumptions
• What does cultural bias mean in psychology?

  Judging behavior through one's cultural norms
• What is universality in psychology?

  Behavior true for all humans
• Why is the sample in psychological research often considered "WEIRD"?

  They are mostly Western and educated
• What is the problem with using "WEIRD" samples in psychology?

  They are not representative of global populations
• What is alpha bias in psychology?

  Overemphasis on differences between genders
• What is beta bias in psychology?

  Assuming no differences in behavior between genders
• How does Milgram's research exemplify beta bias?

  Only male participants were used in the study
• What is the fight or flight response based on?

  A male survival strategy
• What alternative response does Taylor suggest for females?

  Tend and befriend
• What percentage of psychological research subjects come from the USA?

  68%
• What is ethnocentrism in psychology?

  Viewing one's culture as superior
• How can cultural bias affect mental health diagnoses?

  Using Western definitions on non-Westerners
• What is cultural relativism?

  Understanding behavior in cultural context
• How can bias in psychology be reduced?

  By using diverse and representative samples
• What does a reflexive approach in research involve?

  Reflecting on personal beliefs and values
• What should researchers clarify when reporting findings?

  Theories relate only to the sample included
• Why is it important to recognize bias in psychological research?

  To ensure valid understanding of human behavior
• How does historical context influence psychological theories?

  Shapes the perspectives of the theorists
• What is the issue with opportunity samples in psychology?

  They may not represent the general population
• What does androcentrism in psychology imply?

  Focus on male perspectives in theories
• Why is cross-cultural research important in psychology?

  To validate findings across different cultures
• What does imposed etic refer to in psychology?

  Applying one culture's norms to another
• Why is understanding cultural differences in child-rearing important?

  It influences infant behavior and attachment
• What can happen if behaviors are misinterpreted across cultures?

  Leads to incorrect diagnoses and assumptions
• How can self-awareness help researchers in psychology?

  It mitigates bias in research interpretation
• What is the role of diverse representation in psychological research?

  It helps reduce bias in findings