Social Psychological Explanations of Human Aggression

• Why do people resist believing that aggression is biological?

  They prefer to attribute it to experiences
• What are the three social psychological explanations of aggression covered in the video?

  Frustration aggression, social learning theory, deindividuation
• What did Dollard and Millar argue about aggression?

  Aggression is always caused by frustration
• What is frustration according to the frustration-aggression theory?

  It occurs when a goal is blocked
• What is catharsis in the context of frustration-aggression theory?

  A pleasant feeling of relaxation after releasing emotions
• What is displacement in the context of aggression?

  Redirecting aggression to a weaker target
• What factors influence whether frustration turns into aggression?

  Proximity to goal and past experiences
• What did Geen's study involve?

  Participants completing a jigsaw puzzle
• What were the conditions in Geen's study?

  Friendly confederate, insulting confederate, control group
• What did the results of Geen's study support?

  Frustration leads to increased aggression
• What is a criticism of Geen's study?

  It may have demand characteristics
• What did Harris's field experiment investigate?

  Blocking goal-directed behavior in crowds
• What did Harris find regarding frustration and aggression?

  Closer proximity to goals increases aggression
• What is a limitation of frustration-aggression theory?

  Variability in individual responses to frustration
• What is social learning theory in relation to aggression?

  Learning through observation and imitation
• What is vicarious reinforcement?

  Imitating behavior after seeing rewards
• What factors increase the likelihood of imitation in social learning theory?

  Identification with the role model
• What is self-efficacy in the context of aggression?

  Confidence in successfully imitating aggression
• What are the four cognitive mediating factors in social learning theory?

  Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
• What did Bandura's Bobo doll study demonstrate?

  Children imitate aggressive behavior from adults
• What did Williams's study find about media influence on aggression?

  Increased aggression after TV introduction
• What is deindividuation?

  Loss of self-identity in a crowd
• What factors contribute to deindividuation?

  Large crowds, anonymity, uniforms, darkness
• What happens to personal responsibility in a crowd?

  It fades due to anonymity
• What did Zimbardo's study on deindividuation find?

  Deindividuation increased aggression in participants
• What was the outcome of Gergen's study on deindividuation?

  Increased intimacy in darkness, not aggression
• What is a criticism of deindividuation theory?

  It doesn't always lead to aggression
• What are the general evaluations of social psychological explanations of aggression?

  • Practical applications for reducing aggression
  • Issues with short-term lab study effects
  • Comparison with biological explanations
• How can understanding social factors help reduce aggression?

  Design cities to enhance identification and responsibility
• What is a limitation of studying aggression in lab conditions?

  They show only short-term effects
• What evidence supports biological explanations for aggression?

  Genetic and neural abnormalities