Bickman Study and Hoffling Study

• Bickman's aim:

  does appearance affect how people obey others?
• Bickmans procedure:

  • field experiment
  • 3 male experimenters - each took it in turn to dress as a civilian (jacket and tie), milkman, guard uniform (looked like a police officer
  • gave orders to 153 random pedestrians on a street in Brooklyn new york.
• Bickmans results:

  police/guard - 89%

  Milkman - 57%

  Civilian - 33%
• evaluate Bickman:

  • field experiment
  • no consent
  • carried out in one city, one country - cant be generalised
  • all experimenters were men