lexis

• nouns

  physical things both living and inanimate. 'love' 'guilt' 'fate'
• concrete nouns


  if a word signifies something that can be detected with the senses. table, football, candle, car, building, phone
• abstract noun 


  concepts and exist as ideas, rather than objects you can touch. love, hope intelligence, hate, courage
• proper noun


  naming nouns. refer to the actual name of an individual. names of people, places, companies, institutions and rivers. begin with a capital letter
• adjectives 


  describing word that adds qualities to a noun or pronoun.
• verbs 


  lies at the heart of a sentence. describes the action or state of the subject. the 'doing' or 'being' of the sentence. 'ran' 'tore'
• adverbs


  give extra detail about other words. add detail to a verb, an adjective or even whole sentences. adverb describes how, when, where.
• prepositions 


  prepositions are short words and phrases that give information about place, Time, manner.

  she put it 'on' the table but then hid it 'under' her bed
• deixis 


  joined a conversation and you don't know the context of the conversation. 'I saw him today'. you don't know who 'he' is or where 'he' was 'today'
• deicitic referenece 


  a comment which is context dependent. isolates those who are not a part of the group
• collective nouns 


  collective sound are nouns used to describe groups. e.g a flock of birds or a litter of kittens
• auxiliary verbs


  verb that helps the main verb of the sentence. e.g 'do' and 'be' 'can' 'might' 'will'
• copular verbs


  links the subject to a noun or adjective that complements the subject. 'is' 'appear' 'seem' 'look' 'sound'
• dynamic verbs

  actions that can start and end 'shout' 'hit' and 'build'
• material verbs 


  concerned with events 'drove to work' 'parked his car'
• verbal verbs 


  concerned with a communication e.g 'sang the song' ' spoke for hours'
• stative verbs

  describe actions/ states which are quiet constant. 'think' 'believe' and 'love'
• mental verbs 


  mental stative verbs describe an intrinsic process 'thought about writing a book' 'loved her brother dearly'
• relational verbs 


  relational stative verbs show the relation between things or show a state of being 'became an author' 'owns three cars'
• transitive verbs 


  when verbs have a direct object e.g 'brought a new phone' ' ate all the cupcakes'
• intransitive verbs 


  verbs don't have a direct subject. 'teacher smirked' 'laughed manically'
• active voice 


  subject is performing an action. the verb uses the active voice. 'played the character well' 'loved his wife'
• imperative mood


  where there is a command e.g listen, hurry, make
• indicative mood 


  indicates a fact e.g he will, plays, George visited
• interrogative mood 


  where there is a question e.g have you, will you, are you
• conditional mood 


  expresses a proposition. made up of the modal verb 'would' and the infinitive verb. 'I would live' 'would have had'
• subjunctive mood 


  described a hypothetical situation. e.g you agree to these terms, 'you buy a new dress' 'I would be careful'
• relative pronouns 


  link the noun to a clause. 'who, what, where'
• demonstrative pronouns

  direct attention towards something e.g this car, those boys, these students
• definite article

  'the' used when there is something specific 'the door' ' the house' the boy'
• indefinite article 


  used for things more general. 'a house' 'a door' 'a boy'
• quantifiers (determiners)


  can be specific and general and display a quantity
• coordinating conjunctions 


  join two of the same clause together. 'FANBOYS' For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
• subordinating conjunctions

  join a main clause and a subordinate clause together 'until' 'because' and 'before'
• synonyms


  words that have the same meaning but are different words.
• antonyms 


  words that mean the opposite
• homophones


  describes words with the same sound 'there, their, they're'
• homographs 


  words with the same spelling 'I read that book' and 'I like to read'
• homonyms


  words with everything the same 'I can throw that can in the bin'