Cell organisation B1-4

• Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) - transport oxygen around body
• Plasma - liquid part
• White Blood cells (leukocytes) - fight infection
• Platelets - form clots to stop bleeding
• Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
• Ateries are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They have a thick muscular wall and are surrounded by a layer of fat.
• Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs between the bloodstream and tissues.
• Veins are blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
• The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood.
• vena cava - carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
• Aorta takes blood from the heart to the body and the rest of the body
• Pulmonary: relating to the lungs
• coronary heart disease is a condition where the coronary arteries become blocked with fatty material
• Stents are used to keep the arteries open and prevent atheroma build up
• Statins reduce cholesterol levels but are a pill you need to take forever
• Electron microscopes are used to look at subcellular structures . There large , expensive and need to be kept in special conditions
• Light microscopes are used in schools and can be used to look at live organisms, there light and cheap
• Parts of an animal cell

  Ribosomes

  cell membrane

  mitochondria

  cytoplasm

  nucleus
• Parts of a plant cell

  Cell membrane

  ribosomes

  cell wall

  mitochondria

  cytoplasm

  vacuole

  chloroplast

  nucleus
• Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane , cytoplasm and have DNA stored in a nuclues
• Examples of a eukaryotic cell

  Plant cell

  animal cell

  fungi

  protists
• Prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm , cell membrane and a cell wall but there DNA isn’t in a nucelus it forms loops of DNA
• Parts of a Bacteria cell

  Cell membrane

  genetic material

  cytoplasm

  slime capsule

  cell wall plasmids

  flagella
• Parts of a nerve cell

  Nucleus

  axon

  dentrites

  myelin sheath

  axon terminals
• What do the parts of the nerve cell do

  Dendrites - make connections to other nerve cells

  axons - carry impulses

  axon terminal - passes impulses to other neves

  myelin sheath - insulation
• Parts of the muscle cell and what they do

  Nucleus - controls what goes in and out

  special proteins - contract and relax

  mitochondria - energy
• Sperm cell parts and uses.

  Long tail - for movement

  middle section - full of mitochondria

  acrosome - digestive enzyme to break down egg

  larhe nucleus-half DNA
• Root hair cell parts and uses

  Increase surface area - so water can move into cell

  large vacuole - speeds up movement of water by osmosis

  mitochondria - transfers energy need for active transport of minerals
• xylem cell parts and uses

  Dead tubes - allow water and minerals to move through them

  spirals of lignin - make xylem string and withstand pressure
• Phloem cell parts and there uses

  Alive cells - transport tissue that carries the food made my photosynthesis

  cell wall - helps movement of food

  companion cells - transfers energetic to the cell to keep it alive