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Science
Biology
Cell organisation B1-4
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Red Blood Cells
(erythrocytes) - transport oxygen around body
Plasma
- liquid part
White Blood cells
(leukocytes) - fight infection
Platelets
- form clots to stop bleeding
Hemoglobin
is the protein that carries
oxygen
in red blood cells.
Ateries
are the blood vessels that carry blood
away
from the heart. They have a
thick muscular wall
and are surrounded by a layer of fat.
Capillaries
are tiny blood vessels where
gas exchange
occurs between the bloodstream and tissues.
Veins
are blood vessels that return
deoxygenated
blood back to the heart.
The circulatory system consists of the heart,
arteries
,
veins
,
capillaries
, and
blood.
vena cava
- carries
deoxygenated
blood from the body to the heart
Aorta
takes
blood
from the
heart
to the
body
and the rest of the body
Pulmonary
: relating to the lungs
coronary heart disease
is a condition where the
coronary arteries
become blocked with
fatty
material
Stents
are used to keep the
arteries
open and prevent
atheroma
build up
Statins reduce
cholesterol
levels but are a pill you need to take
forever
Electron
microscopes
are used to look at subcellular structures . There large , expensive and need to be kept in special conditions
Light microscopes
are used in schools and can be used to look at live organisms, there light and cheap
Parts of an animal cell
Ribosomes
cell membrane
mitochondria
cytoplasm
nucleus
Parts of a plant cell
Cell membrane
ribosomes
cell wall
mitochondria
cytoplasm
vacuole
chloroplast
nucleus
Eukaryotic
cells
have a cell membrane , cytoplasm and have DNA stored in a nuclues
Examples of a eukaryotic cell
Plant cell
animal cell
fungi
protists
Prokaryotic cells
have cytoplasm , cell membrane and a cell wall but there DNA isn’t in a nucelus it forms loops of DNA
Parts of a Bacteria cell
Cell membrane
genetic material
cytoplasm
slime
capsule
cell wall plasmids
flagella
Parts of a nerve cell
Nucleus
axon
dentrites
myelin sheath
axon terminals
What do the parts of the nerve cell do
Dendrites
- make connections to other nerve cells
axons
- carry impulses
axon
terminal
- passes impulses to other neves
myelin
sheath
- insulation
Parts of the muscle cell and what they do
Nucleus
- controls what goes in and out
special proteins
- contract and relax
mitochondria
- energy
Sperm cell parts and uses.
Long tail
- for movement
middle section
- full of mitochondria
acrosome
- digestive enzyme to break down egg
larhe nucleus-half DNA
Root hair cell parts and uses
Increase surface area
- so water can move into cell
large vacuole
- speeds up movement of water by osmosis
mitochondria
- transfers energy need for active transport of minerals
xylem cell parts and uses
Dead tubes
- allow
water
and
minerals
to move through them
spirals
of
lignin
- make
xylem string
and withstand
pressure
Phloem cell parts and there uses
Alive cells
- transport tissue that carries the food made my photosynthesis
cell wall
- helps movement of food
companion cells
- transfers energetic to the cell to keep it alive