Motivation in Theory

• what is motivation?

  the internal and external factors that drive employees
• what is taylor’s scientific management

  a motivation theory. tasks should be planned and completed scientifically and that rewards and sanctions should be used to motivate
• what is mayo’s human relations theory?

  a motivation theory. workers must be seen as members of a group not as individuals and are motivated by stratifying their social needs
• what is maslows hierarchy of needs

  a motivation theory. humans have certain needs and are motivated to satisfy them in a certain order
• what is hertzbergs two factor theory

  a motiavtion theory. some aspects of work can motivate employees whilst others can staisfy or dissatisfy workers
• what is the importance of motivation

  • lower costs
  • better products
  • better employee/employer relations
• taylors theory

  • motivated by money
  • need close supervision and control
  • small and repetitive tasks
  • efficient
  • precisise training and tools
  • paid based on how much they produce
• criticism of taylor’s theory

  • ignores boredom
  • some people are not motivated by money
  • lacks trust
• mayo’s theory

  • motivated by positive attention
  • provide opportunities to satisfy their social needs
  • consult with workers before decision making
  • show support
  • communicate regularly
• criticisms of mayo’s theory

  • some people are only motivated by money
  • teams can form negative norms and lead to lower productivity
• maslow theory

  1. self actualisation (challenging work, opportunities)
  2. esteem needs (promotions and bonuses)
  3. social needs (teams, team building)
  4. safety needs (job security, health benefits)
  5. psychological needs (fair wages, working conditions
• criticisms of maslows theory

  • hard to implement
  • may be fulfilled outside of work
  • some may seek to satisfy in a different order
• herzbergs theory

  • hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction but do not directly motivate (pay, supervision, working conditions)
  • motivators increase motivation (responsibility, promotion, recognition)
• critiscims of herzbergs theory

  research was done on professionals so does not apply to everyone