PSYC 14,15,16

• abnormal behaviour: any harmful behaviour to the self or others
• DSM-5: a book containing the most up to date criteria for diagnosing mental disorders
• ASD: also known as autism spectrum disorder; difficulty with social relatedness, communication, and prefer repetitive and ritualistic behaviours
• ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; inattention (trouble staying focused) and hyperactivity (high motor)
• conduct disorder: repetitive behaviour where basic rights and societal norms are violated
• two contrasting explanations for why neurodevelopment disorders are on the rise:

  • more awareness
  • expanded diagnostic categories + practices
• biological and environmental correlation with ASD:

  • enlarged ventricles
  • smaller mini-columns
• biological and environmental correlation with ADHD:

  • teratogens (prenatal)
  • frontal lobes less active
• 4 characteristics of psychosis as observed in individuals with schizophrenia:

  • delusion
  • hallucination
  • disorganized thought + speech
  • disorders of movement
• delusion: unrealistic behaviours
• hallucinations: false perspections
• relationship between schizophrenia and neurodegeneration:

  • loss of grey matter and enlarged ventricles
• key criteria of MDD:

  • having a depressed mood most of the day
• symptoms of MDD:

  • changes in appetite
  • sleep disturbances
  • fatigue
  • low self-worth
  • difficulty concentrating
• learned helplessness: repeatedly experiencing uncontrollable negative events, leads individuals to believe that they have no control over life