Covalent bonding

• What is covalent bonding?

  Sharing electrons
• How many electrons do nitrogen atoms share in covalent bonding?

  Three
• What are the two atoms involved in the covalent bond shown?

  • Atom 1 (nonmetal)
  • Atom 2 (nonmetal or metalloid)
• What molecule is the double bond shown in the second diagram a part of?

  Oxygen molecule
• What are the characteristics of a single covalent bond?

  • Shared pair of electrons between two atoms
  • Relatively strong bond
  • Found in molecules like Cl-Cl-Cl2
• What are the characteristics of a double covalent bond?

  • Shared two pairs of electrons between two atoms
  • Stronger than a single bond
  • Found in molecules like O=O
• What are the characteristics of a triple covalent bond?

  • Shared three pairs of electrons between two atoms
  • Strongest type of covalent bond
  • Found in molecules like N≡N
• What is the name of the type of covalent bond shown in the third diagram?

  Triple bond
• What is the key difference between the unpaired valence electrons and the sharing of available valence electrons in the covalent bond?

  Unpaired valence electrons are not shared, while sharing of available valence electrons is the defining feature of a covalent bond
• What is the name of the type of covalent bond shown in the first diagram?

  Single bond
• Covalent bonds can only form between non-metals.

  True
• What molecule is the triple bond shown in the third diagram a part of?

  Nitrogen molecule
• What molecule is the single bond shown in the first diagram a part of?

  Chlorine molecule
• What is the name of the type of covalent bond shown in the second diagram?

  Double bond
• Match the property with its description:

  Melting and Boiling Points ↔️ Low due to weak intermolecular forces

  Conductivity ↔️ Poor because there are no charged particles

  Solubility ↔️ Depends on polarity of solute and solvent
• Covalently bonded compounds conduct electricity poorly because they lack charged particles

  True
• How do the strengths of the three types of covalent bonds compare?

  • Triple bond is the strongest
  • Double bond is stronger than single bond
  • Single bond is the weakest
• Sharing more electron pairs increases bond strength and reduces atomic distance.

  True
• What type of compounds dissolve in nonpolar solvents?

  Nonpolar compounds
• Match the bond type with its example:

  Single bond ↔️ Cl₂

  Double bond ↔️ O₂

  Triple bond ↔️ N₂
• Arrange the bonds in order of increasing strength:

  1️⃣ Single bond

  2️⃣ Double bond

  3️⃣ Triple bond
• What type of covalent bond does oxygen form?

  Double
• What is the key feature that distinguishes a covalent bond from other types of chemical bonds?

  The sharing of available valence electrons between atoms
• Match the term with its description:

  Valence electrons ↔️ Electrons in the outer shell

  Covalent bond ↔️ Bond formed by shared electrons
• Match the atom with the number of electrons it needs to share:

  Hydrogen (H) ↔️ 1

  Oxygen (O) ↔️ 2

  Nitrogen (N) ↔️ 3
• Hydrogen atoms form single covalent bonds to become stable.

  True
• Hydrogen atoms share one electron each to form a covalent bond in H₂.

  True
• What is the name of the type of bond shown in the image?

  Covalent bond
• Sharing valence electrons allows non-metals to achieve stable outer shells in covalent bonding.

  True
• Polar compounds mix well with nonpolar solvents

  False
• How does the sharing of available valence electrons lead to the formation of a covalent molecule?

  • The sharing of available valence electrons between the two atoms allows them to achieve a stable electron configuration
  • This sharing of electrons creates a stable covalent bond, forming a covalent molecule
• How does the covalent bond differ from an ionic bond in terms of the type of electron transfer involved?

  In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms, while in an ionic bond, electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another