Organic Chem

• saturated hydrocarbons: contain only carbon-carbon single bonds and the maximum amount of hydrogen bonds.
• Example of a class of saturated hydrocarbon : alkane
• unsaturated hydrocarbons: contain double or triple bonds between carbon atoms, and are not saturated with the maximum amount of hydrogen
• Examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons: alkenes and alkynes
• aliphatic -> saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons without a benzene ring
• arenes -> unsaturated compounds that contain a benzene ring
• Examples of arenes: benzene, phenol
• alkane general formula -> $C ₙH₂ₙ₊₂$
• alkane ending -> "ane"
• alkene general formula -> $CₙH₂ₙ$
• alkene ending -> "ene"
• alkyne ending -> "yne"
• For alkenes and alkynes the parent chain is numbered so that the carbons on the double bond receive the lowest numbers
• For alkenes and alkynes the double or triple bond must always be a part of the parent chain
• alkyne general formula -> $CₙH₂ₙ₋₂$
• Priorities for naming organic molecules:

  1. parent chain
  2. check for unsaturation
  3. functional group
  4. alkyl branches
• alkyl branches are branches involving carbon groups that branch from the parent chain