Reading and Writing

• Rebus


  a puzzle in which words are represented by combinations of pictures and individual letters; for instance, apex might be represented by a picture of an ape followed by a letter X.
• 4 macro skills in communication

  • Reading
  • Writing
  • Listening - understanding with comprehension (hearing - not processing)
  • Speaking
• what is the importance of Macro Skills?


  it is essential for effective communication & comprehension
• Reading


  a multifaceted process involving word recognition, comprehesion, fluency, and motivation. Making a meaning from a print.
• Process of reading


  • Identify - word recognition
  • Construct - an understanding; comprehension
  • Coordinate -
• When we read critically we...

  • think and analyze
  • decide whether or not what the other person says
• Inductive

  • puts parts together to come up with a generalization
  • looks at similar pieces of evidence to come up with a generalization
  • observe -> analyze -> theory
• Deductive thinking


  • breaks down things into parts
  • looks at concepts and tries to prove them through examples
  • looks for evidence through examples before believing
  • idea -> observing -> conclusion
• Similarities of Inductive and Deductive thinking


  • needs evidence
  • needs thinking
  • ways of thinking
• Arguments occur when...


  criticizing a reading mterial
• Do not make illogical arguments or...

  Illogical Fallacies
• 4 types of Illogical Fallacies


  • Personal Attack/Ad Hominem
  • Appeal to Force
  • Appeal to Numbers
  • Appeal to Pity
• Personal Attack/Ad Hominem


  • The most offensive and considered an attack on the person rather than the argument with the usage of insults, criticism, and racial slurs.
  • may be referred to as mudslinging
• Appeal to Force


  Threats of physical or emotional violence
• Appeal to Numbers


  Based solely on the number of people whether its right or wrong
• Appeal to Pity


  pakikisama

  • defies objectivity by appealing the person's sense of humanity and compassion
• Reading is a...


  Reflection of a person's way of thinking
• Reasoning is


  Using a reason or cause to justify something
• Schema


  Basic unit of knowledge
• 4 characteristics of a sound reasoning


  Substantiate ideas with facts

  Focused on the issue

  Represents the views of more than one person

  Doesn't attack people to make their argument less credible
• When used right, claims help...

  Educate, inform, convince, inspire