hormones

• follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary and targets the ovaries and testes to stimulate spermatogenesis and maturation of ovarian follicles.
• lutenising hormone (LH) is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary, and targets the ovaries and testes to stimulate ovulation and maintain the corpus luteum, and stimulate the secretion of testosterone.
• growth hormone is secreted in the anterior lobe of the pituitary and targets all cells to stimulate growth and protein synthesis.
• thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted in the anterior lobe of the pituitary and targets the thyroid gland to secrete hormones.
• prolactin (PRL) is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary and targets the mammary glands to produce milk.
• antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary and targets the kidneys to increase water reabsorption.
• oxytocin (OT) is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary and targets the uterus to induce contractions during birth and the mammary glands to produce milk.
• thyroxine is secreted by the thyroid gland and targets most cells to increase metabolic rate, oxygen consumption and heat production.
• parathyroid hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and targets the bones and kidneys to increase calcium in the blood.
• thymosins is secreted by the thymus and targets T lymphocytes to develop.
• the corticosteriod aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and targets the kidneys to increase the absorption of sodium ions and the excretion of potassium ions.
• the corticosteriod cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex and targets most cells to promote normal metabolism, relieve stress, and repair tissue.
• adrenaline and nonadrenaline is secreted by the adrenal medulla and targets most cells to induce the fight or flight response and reinforce the sympathetic nervous system.
• insulin is secreted by the pancreas and targets most cells to decrease blood glucose.
• glucagon is secreted by the pancreas and targets the liver and fat cells to increase blood glucose.
• testosterone is secreted by the testes and targets many tissues to stimulate sperm production and development of secondary sex characteristics.
• oestrogen is secreted by the ovaries and targets many tissues to regulate menstrual cycle and development of secondary sex characteristics.
• progesterone is secreted by the ovaries and targets the uterus and mammary glands to regulate menstrual cycle and prepare the mammary glands for milk secretion.
• melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and regulates sleep patterns.
• Adrenocoticotrophic hormone (ACTH) is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary and targets the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones.