Stoichiometry

• relative atomic mass (Ar) is the weighted average of 1 mole of atoms relative to C-12.
• Molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of a molecule (g mol-1)
• empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
• molecular formula gives the exact number of atoms of each element in a compound
• avogadro's constant is 6.02 x 10^23
• limiting reactant is the reactant that determines the quantity of product.
• excess reactant is not fully used up
• theoretical value is the maximum amount of product obtainable, assuming 100% of the limiting reactant is used (g or mol).
• percentage yield = experimental yield / theoretical yield * 100
• Avogadro's law states that an equal volumes of all gases, when measured at the same temperature and pressure (STP), contain an equal number of particles.
• Ideal gases occur at high temperature and low pressure.
• Real gases deviate from ideal gases when low temperature and high pressure.
• Number of particles = mole * avo constant
• mass = mole * molar mass
• volume (dm^3) = mol * molar volume (22.7 dm^3)
• P1 * V1 / T1 = P2 * V2 / T2
• overall gas equation is PV = nR(8.31)T
• mole = concentration * volume
• C1*V1 = C2*V2
• parts per million is mg/dm^3
• Density = mass / volume