micropara

• what are the two common pond of algae?

  • Euglena
  • Volvox
• it is cause of human infections

  prototheca
• phycotoxins produced by

  dinoflagellates
• it is motile, feeding, dividing stage.

  trophozoite
• it is used for locomotion & feeding

  pseudopodia
• it is non-motile, dormant, survival stage

  cyst
• photosynthesis eukaryotic organisms

  algae
• it is cause of malaria

  plasmodium spp.
• it is causes amebic dysentery

  entamoeba histolytica
• • have no visible means of locomotion
  • plasmodium spp. = cause of malaria

  sporozoa
• unicellular non-photosynthesis eukaryotes, most are free lving

  protozoa
• • move by means of hairlike cilia
  • balantidium coli = cause of balantidiasis

  cillates
• • move by means of whiplike flagella
  • giardia intestinalis = causes of giardiasis

  flagellates
• are fungi growing as a unicellular

  yeast
• mushroom toadstool are spore-bearing fruiting bodies of fungi
• are fungi form in multicellular fibers called hypae

  mold
• (filaments) forms of mycelium

  hypae
• it is body or vegative structure of a fungus, term for a mass of fungal filament

  mycelium
• have cross walls called septa

  septate hypae
• do not contain septa

  coenocytic or aseptate hypae
• it is formed when hypae fragment

  arthroconidia (arthrospores)
• spores that are not enclosed in a sac but produced at the tips or side of the hypa

  conidiospore
• it is produced from a vegetative mother cell budding

  blastospores
• develop within a sporangium sac at hypal tip

  sporangiospore
• must infect host cells to complete life cycle

  endoparasitic fungi
• it is for host invasion

  polar tube
• the portion of a hypa that obtains nutrients

  vegetative hypha
• the portion concerned with reproduction

  aerial hypha
• multicellular masses

  mold
• is a yeast used in baking

  saccharomyces cerevisiae
• is the yeast most frequently isolated from human clinical specimens

  candida albicans
• FUNGAL DISEASE:

  • systematic mycoses = deep within the body
  • subcuteneous mycoses = beneath the skin
  • cutaneous mycoses = affect hair, skin, and nails
  • superficial mycoses = localized (e.g, hair shafts)
  • opportunistic mycoses = fungi harmless in normal habitat but pathogenic in a composed host
• DIMORPHIC FUNGI

  • a few fungi, including some pathogens, can live as either yeast or moulds, depending on growth conditions. This phenomenon is known dimophism
• FUNGI : FLESHY FUNGI

  • they consist of a network of filaments or strands (the mycelium) that grows in soil or on rotting logs
  • these fungi include mushrooms, toadstool, puffballs, and bracket fungi
• what can produced of candida

  candidaiasis
• a yeast (a type of fungus) commonly found on the skin and in the body, including the mouth, throat, gut and vagina

  candida
• it is called flatworms

  platyhelminthes
• it is called roundworm

  nematodes
• transmission can occur through ingestion of eggs, skin penetration by larvae, or vector-mediated transmission

  helminths
• FLATWORMS

  • flatworms (phylum platyhelminthes)
  • very thin, often segmented body plan
  • divided into cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes)