paper 2 2018

• which one of these performance enhancing drugs is taken to reduce heart rate

  beta blockers
• how much fat should a balanced diet contain

  25-30%
• define mental health

  a state of well being in which every individual realises their own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to their community
• what are positive effects that being physically active can have on mental health?

  increase in confidence

  reduces stress

  release of serotonin feel good hormones

  able to control emotions
• DEFINE OBESITY

  bmi over 30, over 20% above standard weight for height ratio, a person with a large fat content, caused by an imbalance of calories consumed to energy expenditure
• negative effects obesity can have on an individuals mental health

  depression, loss of confidence, anxiety/stress
• negative effects obesity can have on an individuals social health

  inability to leave home, inability to socialise or make friends
• outline the difference between self paced and externally paced skills w sporting examples

  self paced- started when the performer decides to start it

  externally paced- started because of an external factor

  self paced- javelin throw/conversion in rugby/marathon running

  externally paced- sprint start/responding to opponent's movement whilst marking
• example of complex skill and justify choice ao2=1 ao3=3

  a high jump

  requires coordinated running in an accurate bend

  correctly timed jump in relation to the bar

  effective body position to clear the bar
• how can milo- a beginner golf player make his high target score SMART

  accepted- has to be set by milo and the coach

  realistic- needs to be lower as too high compared to the original result
• why might performance goals be used to improve the score of milo

  1 . since milo is a beginner he could become demotivated if outcome goals or comparison with others is used

  2. focusing on the quality of performance will mean milo is not thinking about the end result

  3. performance goals cannot be affected by anyone other than the individual player so more likely to be achieved if a beginner
• why would the coach use visual and manual guidance to improve milo's performance?

  visual:

  quick and concise- good for beginners such as milo

  provides a picture of the skill for milo to copy

  manual:

  the coach physically guides milo through the correct action so he is aware of the correct technique

  milo starts to understand how the movement should feel
• describe the process of blood doping

  removal of blood from an athlete several weeks before a competition and is frozen

  the body makes more blood to replace the amount taken out

  1-2 days before the competition the frozen blood is thawed and injected back into the athlete
• how does blood doping improve performance of a marathon runner

  the marathon runner's blood has more red blood cells

  this results in an increased aerobic capacity

  allows the marathon runner to run faster for longer before fatigue sets in
• negative side effects of blood doping

  thickening of blood

  potential for heart attacks

  potential risk of blood-borne diseases like HIV and hepatitis

  a blockage of the blood vessel
• What is one negative impact of Russia's ban at the Olympics on athletics?

  Damaged reputation of the sport
• How might successful performers be viewed due to the ban?

  They may be suspected of cheating
• What financial consequence could the sport of athletics face due to the ban?

  Loss of income from sponsorship
• What effect might the ban have on spectator attendance at athletics events?

  Reduced numbers of spectators
• How might participation levels in athletics be affected by perceptions of doping?

  Participation may fall due to perceived impossibility
• What financial impact does increased drug testing have on athletics?

  More money spent on drug testing
• What is a consequence of losing trust in results in athletics?

  Results lose reliability
• What might athletics organizations need to do regarding previous records due to the ban?

  Revisit and redistribute titles and medals
• How are 'honest' athletes affected by the doping scandal?

  They lose credibility and opportunities
• what affects calorie intake other than gender

  age

  under the age of 25 ppl need more calories

  when u get old ur body replaces muscle w fat and fat burns fewer calories

  
  

  height

  u needa consume more calories the taller u r

  taller ppl have larger skeletons..

  
  

  energy expenditure

  more exercise u do more calories ull need

  as u need more energy to carry out the exercise
• define dehydration

  excessive loss of body water interrupting the function of the body
• negative effects dehydration may have on the performance of a sports performer

  increase in heart rate:

  the heat may have to work harder to supply oxygen to the muscles when exercising

  could result in slower performance or not being able to perform for as long

  reduction in blood flow to working muscles:

  less oxygen supplied to the muscles so its harder to remove waste products

  slows recovery so harder to continue for longer periods of time

  increase in body temperature:

  body could overheat and become faint

  unable to carry on
• what are physical characteristics of an ectomorph

  very thin and lean

  narrow shoulders, chest, hips

  not much fat/muscle

  long arms and legs

  thin face/high forehead
• what are physical characteristics of a mesomorph

  large muscle content/low fat

  broad shoulders

  wide chest

  thin waist/narrow hips