A01 Schaffer's stages of development

• Schaffer and Emerson's participants

  60 babies with 31 males,29 females all from working class families in Glasgow. Mothers and babies visited every month for first year and again at 18 months
• Method of Schaffer and Emerson study

  Asked mothers about kind of protest showed in seven everyday separations; adult leaving room - measure of separation anxiety and researchers also measured stranger anxiety . Designed to measure infant's attachment to mother
• Findings of Schaffer and Emerson study

  Between 25 and 32 weeks of age about 50% of babies showed separation anxiety towards a particular adult usually mother - specific attachment
• Age of 40 weeks


  Between age of 40 weeks, 80% of babies had a specific A and 30% displayed multiples As
• Caregiver attachment

  A tended to be to the caregiver who was most interactive and sensitive (Reciprocity) and not the person who spent most time with the baby
• Stages of attachment - stage 1

  Asocial stage (first few weeks)- Baby's behaviour towards non-human objects and humans quite similar- Show some preference for familiar adults - Baby happy when in presence of other humans
• Stages of attachment - stage 2

  Indiscriminate attachment 2-7 months- Show preference for people rather than objects- Recognise and prefer familiar adults- Accept comfort from any adultDon't show separation or stranger anxiety
• Stages of attachment- stage 3

  Specific attachment 7 months- Show stranger and separation anxiety- Formed a specific attachment to primary attachment figure
• Stages of attachment- Stage 4

  Multiple attachments- Secondary attachments form to other adults the babies spent time with regularly - By 1 year age most have formed multiple attachments- Schaffer and Emerson's study 29% of children had secondary As within a month of forming primary A