atomic structure

Cards (49)

  • What model of the atom is discussed first in the video?
    Plum pudding model
  • How did the plum pudding model describe the atom?
    A pool of positive charge with negative particles
  • What are the particles that were unknown during the plum pudding model era?
    Electrons, protons, and neutrons
  • What is the current model of the atom centered around?
    A nucleus at the center
  • What particles make up the nucleus?
    Neutrons and protons
  • What is the relative mass of neutrons and protons?
    One
  • What is the nature of most of the atom's structure?
    Mostly empty space
  • What do electrons do in relation to the nucleus?
    Orbit the nucleus at different energy levels
  • Who conducted the alpha scattering experiment?
    Ernest Rutherford
  • What was the purpose of Rutherford's alpha scattering experiment?
    To investigate the structure of the atom
  • What was the key finding regarding alpha particles in the experiment?
    Most particles traveled straight through the foil
  • What conclusion was drawn about the atom from the experiment?
    The atom is mostly empty space
  • What does the small mass in the center of the atom indicate?
    It must be positive due to repulsion
  • What is an isotope?
    Same number of protons, different neutrons
  • How does the mass number change when a neutron is added?
    It increases by one
  • What happens to the charge when neutrons are added or removed?
    The charge does not change
  • What defines an ion?
    Same number of protons, different electrons
  • What happens to the charge of an ion when electrons are gained or lost?
    The charge changes
  • Why is the proton number important?
    It identifies the element
  • What are the three types of radiation mentioned?
    Alpha, beta, and gamma
  • What is alpha radiation?
    Emission of alpha particles from the nucleus
  • How ionizing is alpha radiation?
    Strongly ionizing
  • How far can alpha particles travel in air?
    A few centimeters
  • What stops alpha particles?
    Paper
  • What is beta radiation?
    Emission of fast-moving electrons from the nucleus
  • How ionizing is beta radiation?
    Moderately ionizing
  • How far can beta particles travel in air?
    A few meters
  • What stops beta particles?
    Aluminium
  • What is gamma radiation?
    Emission of electromagnetic waves from the nucleus
  • How ionizing is gamma radiation?
    Weakly ionizing
  • How far can gamma rays travel in air?
    Up to a couple kilometers
  • What stops gamma rays?
    Lead or thick concrete
  • What is half-life?
    Time taken for radioactive nuclei to half
  • What causes a nucleus to become unstable?
    Gaining too many neutrons
  • How is radiation measured?
    With a Geiger-Muller counter
  • Is radioactive decay a predictable process?
    No, it is random
  • What is activity in the context of radiation?
    The rate at which the source decays
  • What happens to activity over time?
    It decreases as nuclei decay
  • What is irradiation?
    Exposure to radiation
  • How can irradiation be reduced?
    By using lead-lined boxes