effect of surface area

• What is required for chemical reactions to occur according to collision theory?

  Reacting particles must collide with sufficient energy
• What determines the rate of a chemical reaction?

  The frequency of successful collisions
• What does the term frequency refer to in the context of chemical reactions?

  The number of successful collisions per second
• How does the surface area of a solid reactant affect the rate of reaction?

  Increased surface area leads to more collisions
• What happens to the particles in a solid reactant that are not on the surface?

  They cannot react with particles in solution
• What is the effect of breaking a solid reactant into smaller blocks?

  It increases the surface area available for reactions
• What is the relationship between surface area to volume ratio and reaction rate?

  Smaller blocks have a greater surface area to volume ratio
• How can you investigate the effect of surface area on the rate of reaction?

  By measuring the volume of gas produced
• What chemical reaction is demonstrated using marble chips and hydrochloric acid?

  Calcium carbonate reacts to produce carbon dioxide
• Why is a gas syringe preferred over a measuring cylinder in this experiment?

  It provides more accurate gas volume measurements
• How can the mass of carbon dioxide gas be measured in the experiment?

  By placing the reaction on a balance
• What role does cotton-wool play in the experimental setup?

  It allows gas to escape while preventing acid splashes
• What could cause an anomalous result in the experiment?

  Acid splashing out of the flask
• What are the key points about the effective surface area of solid reactants on the rate of chemical reactions?

  • Reacting particles must collide with sufficient energy
  • Increased surface area leads to more collisions
  • Smaller blocks have a greater surface area to volume ratio
  • Measuring gas volume or mass can determine reaction rates
• What setup can be used to investigate the effect of surface area on reaction rates?

  • Use marble chips and hydrochloric acid
  • Measure volume of carbon dioxide produced
  • Use a gas syringe for accuracy
  • Measure mass loss on a balance
• What can be measured to determine the rate of reaction?

  The amount of gas produced
• How can the surface area of marble chips be changed?

  By cutting them into smaller pieces
• What method is used to measure the speed of a reaction that produces gas?

  Mass balance measurement
• What happens to the mass during a reaction that produces gas?

  The mass disappears as gas is released
• What indicates a faster reaction when using a mass balance?

  Quicker drops in balance reading
• Why is taking measurements at regular intervals beneficial?

  It allows plotting a rate of reaction graph
• Why is the mass balance method considered the most accurate?

  Because the balance is very accurate
• What is a limitation of using a mass balance for gas reactions?

  Gas can escape into the room