Quantitative chemistry

• What is the main topic of the summary provided?

  Quantitative chemistry
• Where can students find free resources for quantitative chemistry?

  On the author's website
• How can you measure the mass of a reactant?

  Using a scale or balance
• What should you look for when measuring liquid volume?

  The bottom of the meniscus
• Why is there always a degree of uncertainty in measurements?

  Due to the nature of measuring instruments
• How is concentration calculated?

  Amount divided by volume
• What is the unit for concentration?

  Moles per decimeter cubed
• What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

  HCl
• What do you get when a metal reacts with an acid?

  Salts plus hydrogen
• What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

  MgCl$_2$
• How do you balance a chemical equation?

  By ensuring the number of atoms is equal
• What is the relative atomic mass of hydrogen?

  1
• How do you calculate the relative formula mass (M.R.)?

  Add the relative atomic masses together
• What is a mole in chemistry?

  Unit for the amount of substance
• What is Avogadro's number?

  $6.02 \times 10^{23}$ particles
• What is the equation for calculating moles?

  Moles = mass / M.R.
• What happens to the limiting reactant in a reaction?

  It gets completely used up
• How do you calculate percentage yield?

  Actual yield divided by theoretical yield
• What is the purpose of a titration?

  To determine the concentration of a solution
• What is the color change in phenolphthalein during titration?

  Pink to clear
• What volume does one mole of gas occupy at standard conditions?

  24 decimeters cubed
• What are the steps involved in performing a titration?

  • Use a pipette to measure 25 cm³ of alkali
  • Add an indicator to the conical flask
  • Fill the burette with acid of known concentration
  • Record the initial burette reading
  • Slowly add acid while swirling until color change occurs
  • Record the final burette reading
  • Repeat until consistent results are obtained
• What are the key concepts in quantitative chemistry?

  • Measurement of mass and volume
  • Concentration calculations
  • Balancing chemical equations
  • Relative atomic mass calculations
  • Moles and Avogadro's number
  • Limiting reactants and percentage yield
  • Titration techniques
• What are the common calculations in quantitative chemistry?

  • Moles = mass / M.R.
  • Concentration = amount / volume
  • Percentage yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100
  • Balancing equations for stoichiometry