resource management

• what is water surplus?

  the water supply exceeds the demand
• what is water deficit?

  supply of water is less than the demand for water
• what is water stress?

  large enough volume of water to meet the demand, not enough clean and good quality water avaliable
• ways to reduce water conservation

  • reduce waste water - use showers, fix pipe bursts
  • use grey water - collect rainwater for gardening
  • encourage less water use - water metres
• what is groundwater management?

  • using laws to manage the number of water pumps to reduce the risk of over extraction from aquifiers
• impacts of water insecurity

  • water borne diseases - cholera, typhoid occur when pollution contaminates a water source
  • impact on food - droughts decrease yield of crops
  • conflict - when supply cannot meet the demand for a region e.g The Nile - Ethiopia and Egypt
• what is underground storage?

  • water pumped underground and stored in aquifers
• advantage of underground storage:

  • less water loss to evaporation
• disadvantage of underground storage

  expensive to construct and run
• what is a dam/reservoir?

  • naturally occurring valleys dammed, so the river floods the valley and water is trapped
• what is are 2 advantages of dams/reservoirs?

  • decrease the risk of flooding downstream
  • electricity can be created using the dam
• what are 2 disadvantages of dams/reservoirs?

  • locals lose their homes
  • reservoirs lose water by evaporation
• what is a water transfer scheme?

  • water can be transported from areas of large supply to areas of large demand - states/countries etc.
• what are advantages of water transfer schemes?

  • can be profitable
  • supplies cities with no room for resevoirs
• what are the disadvantages of water transfer schemes?

  • expensive
  • risk of leakage could waste and lose money
• what is desalination?

  • when salt water is converted into fresh water through osmosis
• what is an advantages of desalination?

  • high volume of freshwater available
• what are the disadvantages of desalination?

  • requires energy
  • water brine is concentrated and can be hazardous when pumped in the sea
• a disadvantage of sustainable water supply

  • large concrete constructions release CO2
  • habitants migrate away
• Domestic ways to conserve water use

  • use dishwasher on full load
  • turn off the tap when brushing teeth
  • collect grey water- water butt