Mutations

• What are the three types of key commands mentioned?

  Command, option, control
• What can occur during cell replication that affects genes?

  Gene mutations and chromosome mutations
• What is a gene mutation?

  A change in the DNA base sequence
• What happens during a deletion mutation?

  One base is removed from the sequence
• How does a mutation in a gene affect proteins?

  It can alter the sequence of amino acids
• Why might some substitution mutations not change the amino acid sequence?

  Due to the degenerate nature of the genetic code
• What are mutagenic agents?

  Factors that increase mutation rates
• What is chromosome mutation?

  Variations in chromosome numbers or parts
• What can cause chromosome mutations during meiosis?

  Errors in chromosome separation
• What is chromosome non-disjunction?

  Failure of chromosomes to separate properly
• What condition can result from chromosome mutations?

  Down's syndrome