The Effects of Selection

• What is the primary focus of the study material?

  Effects of selection on populations
• How does natural selection affect different populations?

  It leads to different allele frequencies
• What are the types of natural selection mentioned?

  1. Directional selection
  2. Stabilizing selection
• What does directional selection favor?

  Individuals with extreme traits
• What is stabilizing selection?

  It favors average traits in a population
• How does stabilizing selection affect allele frequencies?

  It reduces variation in traits
• How do some bacteria develop antibiotic resistance?

  Through natural selection favoring resistant individuals
• What happens to a population exposed to antibiotics?

  Resistant bacteria survive and reproduce
• What is the outcome of antibiotic exposure on bacterial populations?

  Increased frequency of antibiotic-resistant alleles
• What is the significance of the graphs in the study material?

  • They illustrate directional selection in bacteria
  • They show changes in allele frequencies over time
• What is the relationship between environmental change and selection?

  Environmental change can drive selection
• How does stabilizing selection occur in stable environments?

  It maintains traits that are advantageous
• What is the effect of stabilizing selection on a population's range of traits?

  It reduces the range of possible traits
• What happens to the population after some time under stabilizing selection?

  Most individuals exhibit average traits
• What is the role of parents in the population regarding antibiotic resistance?

  They pass on resistance traits to offspring
• How does the presence of antibiotic affect the bacterial population?

  It selects for resistant individuals to survive
• What are the implications of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

  • Increased difficulty in treating infections
  • Potential for widespread health crises
• What is the significance of the term "allele frequency"?

  It indicates how common an allele is
• How does natural selection contribute to evolution?

  It leads to changes in allele frequencies
• What is the relationship between selection and environmental stability?

  Stable environments favor stabilizing selection