Somatic cell nuclear transfer

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Zay

Cards (78)

What does SCNT stand for?
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
What are somatic cells?
Body cells other than sperm and egg cells
What are egg cells?
Female reproductive cells that develop into embryos
What is the purpose of this process in the context of biology?
Used in cloning to create genetically identical organisms
Allows for the production of stem cells for regenerative medicine
Can be used to study early embryonic development
What is the purpose of stimulating the egg in SCNT?
To start dividing like a fertilized egg
What happens to the embryo after development in SCNT?
It is implanted into a surrogate mother
What are the steps involved in the enucleation process?
Hold egg cell steady with suction
Puncture cell membrane with a tiny glass needle
Extract the nucleus gently with suction
What is enucleation?
Removal of an egg cell's nucleus
What does the new combination in SCNT act like?
As if the egg has been fertilized
What do somatic cells contain?
Genetic material that determines characteristics
What is the final step in the SCNT process?
Embryo Development
What are the key events that occur during the 8-cell stage of embryonic development?
Compaction of the cells
Formation of the morula
Why is the nucleus fused with a denucleated egg cell?
To create a new organism with the genetic material from the nucleus
What happens to egg cells after fertilization?
They develop into an embryo
What is the color of the enucleated egg cell?
Yellow
What tool is used for enucleation?
Micropipette
What is the purpose of the red circle in the image?
The red circle represents the nucleus that is fused with the denucleated egg cell
What is the process shown in the image?
Nucleus fused with denucleated egg cell
How does the number and arrangement of the yellow circles (representing the egg cell) change from the left to the right side of the image?
The number of yellow circles increases and they become more clustered together
What is the role of somatic cells in SCNT?
Provides genetic material for the clone
How does enucleation relate to cloning?
It prepares the egg cell for cloning
What are the key events that occur during the 2-cell stage of embryonic development?
First cleavage division of the zygote
Formation of the 2-cell stage embryo
What is the purpose of the red circle in the image?
The red circle represents the nucleus that is fused with the denucleated egg cell
What types of activation signals can stimulate egg cell development?
Electric pulses or chemical treatments
What are the main applications of SCNT?
Therapeutic Cloning: Create cells for disease treatment
Agricultural Improvement: Clone animals for better traits
Conservation: Reintroduce endangered species
What is the process shown in the image?
Nucleus fused with denucleated egg cell
What happens to the egg cell after enucleation?
It becomes an enucleated egg cell
Why is the nucleus fused with a denucleated egg cell?
To create a new organism with the genetic material from the nucleus
What is the name of the first stage of embryonic development shown in the image?
Fertilization
What is the purpose of creating an enucleated egg cell?
To receive a nucleus from a somatic cell
What is the role of micromanipulation in the transfer process?
It allows careful extraction of the nucleus
What is the significance of the donor nucleus in egg cell development?
It allows embryonic development to begin from one cell
How is the somatic cell nucleus introduced into the egg cell?
By injecting it with a micropipette
What is the name of the cell produced by fertilization?
Zygote
How do activation signals mimic natural fertilization?
They initiate embryonic development from a single cell
What is the name of the stage where the embryo consists of 4 cells?
4-cell stage
What is the first step needed for egg cell development after fertilization?
Membrane fusion
What does resource allocation refer to in the context of SCNT ethics?
Investment in cloning vs. other healthcare needs
What is the purpose of this process in the context of biology?
Used in cloning to create genetically identical organisms
Allows for the production of stem cells for regenerative medicine
Can be used to study early embryonic development
How does the number and arrangement of the yellow circles (representing the egg cell) change from the left to the right side of the image?
The number of yellow circles increases and they become more clustered together