water P2

• What does 'water deficit' mean?

  Too little water
• What is meant by the term 'water surplus'?

  Excess water
• What does water security mean?

  Enough water to meet everyone's needs
• What is the meaning of 'water insecurity'?

  The opposite of water security
• What is water stress?

  Demand exceeds water supply
• According to the video, how do global patterns of water security vary?

  As shown in the world map
• What are the two main reasons for rising water demand, according to the video?

  Rising population and economic development
• What subject does this study material relate to?

  GCSE geography
• What causes global patterns of water security to vary?

  Water availability is affected by many factors
• What is one factor that affects water availability, according to the text?

  Climate change
• How does climate change affect water availability?

  It alters the total amount of rainfall
• What geological feature affects water availability?

  Rock permeability
• What happens to rainfall on impermeable rock?

  It runs off into rivers
• What happens to rainfall on permeable rock?

  It infiltrates the rock and forms aquifers
• What are underground water stores called?

  Aquifers
• What is "over abstraction" of water?

  Using more water than is replaced
• What is one cause of polluted water sources mentioned in the text?

  Eutrophication
• What causes eutrophication?

  Nutrients leaking into rivers, causing algae to grow
• What is another cause of polluted water sources?

  Industrial waste
• What is one impact of water insecurity?

  Pollution and disease
• According to the text, why might some people not have access to clean water?

  Poverty and water provider fees
• What is another impact of water insecurity?

  Reduced food production
• What is a further impact of water insecurity?

  Reduced industrial output
• What is a final impact of water insecurity, according to the text?

  Conflict
• What does the term "water security" generally refer to?

  Reliable access to clean water
• What are four ways to increase water supply discussed in the video?

  Dams and reservoirs, water diversion, water transfer, desalination
• How do dams and reservoirs increase water supply?

  They trap water during surplus and release during deficit
• What is created when a dam is built across a river?

  A reservoir
• Why can building dams and reservoirs cause conflict?

  They flood agricultural land
• What is water diversion?

  Redirecting a river's water to a chosen location
• How does a water diversion dam work?

  It raises the river's water level to redirect it
• Why is water diversion typically less disruptive than a storage dam?


  It redirects instead of storing water
• What other type of power generation can water diversion be used for?

  Hydroelectric power
• What is water transfer?

  Moving water from surplus to deficit areas
• What scale of engineering projects does water transfer involve?

  Large-scale engineering projects
• Why can water transfer cause conflict?

  Due to disagreements over water resources
• What process involves removing salt from seawater?

  Desalination
• What type of countries often use desalination?

  Wealthy desert countries
• Why is desalination often used by wealthy desert countries?

  It is their main source of clean water
• What are the drawbacks of desalination?

  It is expensive and energy-intensive