statistical testing

• significance - for something to be significant the difference found between two sets of data must be greater than what could happen by chance
• statistical testing tells us whether differences or relationships between variables are statistically significant or have occurred by chance
• probability - the likelihood something will happen

  • if the probability is less than 5% that the results occurred by chance then the researcher can be sure of their results
• 0.01 (1%) is used when the researcher needs to be confident on their results and eliminate chance