1.1.2 Subatomic Particles: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

• What is the charge of a proton?

  +1
• What are the basic subatomic particles and their properties?

  • Protons: Charge = +1, Mass = 1 amu, Located in nucleus
  • Neutrons: Charge = 0, Mass = 1 amu, Located in nucleus
  • Electrons: Charge = -1, Mass = 0 amu, Located in orbitals
• What is the mass of an electron in atomic mass units (amu)?

  0
• What is the name of the atomic model shown in the image?

  Bohr atomic model
• What are the main components of the Bohr atomic model?

  • Nucleus (protons and neutrons)
  • Electron orbits
  • Electrons
• How do the electrons move in the Bohr atomic model?

  • Electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed, discrete energy levels
  • Electrons can only transition between these allowed energy levels
  • Electrons do not emit or absorb energy continuously
• Electrons are significantly lighter than protons and neutrons.

  True
• Neutrons have no charge and are therefore neutral.

  True
• The number of protons in an atom determines its element.

  True
• Electrons have a negative charge and orbit around the nucleus.

  True
• Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus of an atom.

  True
• What is the mass of a proton in atomic mass units (amu)?

  1
• Electrons have negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons.

  True
• What is the charge of a proton?

  +1
• Where are protons located inside an atom?

  Nucleus
• Where are protons located?

  nucleus
• What is the mass of a neutron in atomic mass units (amu)?

  1
• What are the limitations of the Bohr atomic model?

  • Cannot explain the behavior of multi-electron atoms
  • Does not account for the wave-like nature of electrons
  • Cannot explain the splitting of spectral lines (fine structure)
• Electrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.

  False
• What is the charge of a neutron?

  0
• Electrons have a negative charge that balances the positive charge of protons in the nucleus.

  True
• What is the charge of an electron?

  -1
• Where are neutrons located?

  nucleus
• What does the atomic number of an element represent?

  Number of protons
• Match the subatomic particle with its charge:

  Proton ↔️ +1

  Neutron ↔️ 0

  Electron ↔️ -1
• Arrange the subatomic particles by their location within an atom:

  1️⃣ Nucleus contains protons and neutrons

  2️⃣ Electrons orbit in orbitals or shells
• What does the mass number of an atom represent?

  Protons and neutrons
• Carbon has 6 protons in its nucleus.

  True
• What is the atomic number of carbon?

  6
• What is the atomic number of oxygen?

  8
• What is the formula to calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

  Mass Number - Atomic Number
• Oxygen has 8 neutrons because its mass number is 16 and its atomic number is 8.

  True
• The mass of a neutron is approximately equal to the mass of a proton.

  True
• How many electrons orbit the nitrogen atom in two shells?

  7
• Carbon-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons.


  True
• What is the charge of an electron?

  Negative
• Where are electrons located?

  orbitals
• Match the element with its atomic number:

  Carbon ↔️ 6

  Oxygen ↔️ 8
• What element is the atomic model representing?

  Nitrogen
• What are subatomic particles?

  Tiny bits of atoms