ANTIMICROBIALS

• Paul Ehrlich is widely considered the founder of chemotherapy
• Prophylaxis: (PREVENTION)
• Therapy (TREATMENT)
• INFECTION: A disease or condition caused by a microorganism that enters the body, multiply, invade body tissues or releases toxins and cause reaction / damage
• Normal flora – refers to the resident microorganisms in the body. Usually located at the superficial layers and gastrointestinal tract.
• Symbionts – POSITIVE, BOTH BENIFITED
• Commensals – POSITIVE, HUMANS ARE NOT HARMED NOR BENIFITED
• Opportunists – NEGATIVE, GIVES DSE. WHEN HOST RESISTANCE IS LOWERED
• Parasites – NEGATIVE, HUMANS ARE HARMED
• Exogenous – those that can cause disease in healthy persons and reach directly or indirectly from animals, persons with active / passive infection or carriers, vectors and vehicle.
• Endogenous – pathogen is part of the normal flora, those that attack the host at a time of injury or lowered resistance and the pathogen increases virulence.
• Contagious – Direct transmission
• Non-Contagious – indirect transmission
• Incubation period – interval between the time the pathogen is received and the appearance of disease (s/s)
• Prodromal period - short interval that sometimes follow incubation period and characterized by ill-defined cues such as headache and malaise.
• 3. Invasion period – disease reaches its full development and maximum intensity.
• 1. Rapid – Acute causing abrupt reaction
• B. Insidious – Chronic causing slow reaction
• Fastigium / Acme period – disease reaches its height / peak with more signs of reaction
• Defervescence / Decline – manifestations subside
• Convalescence / Recovery
• Crisis – recovery in 24 hours
• Lysis – recovery requires many days
• Primary – first and original infection that makes a person ill.
• Secondary – complicating infection after the primary infection that is usually more fatal and can be caused by both the endogenous and exogenous pathogen.
• Mixed – two or more infections occurring with a primary and secondary infections.
• Intercurrent – occurs when two different primary infections appear simultaneously.
• Localized / Local – occurs when the pathogen remains confined to a particular anatomical site/ spot.
• Systemic / Generalized – the pathogen / toxin spread generally over the body through the blood/ lymph.
• Focal – confined at a restricted area from which it spreads to other parts of the body and set-up another focus/ center of action.
• Chronic- has slow development and usually cures at a longer period of time.
• Acute – swift onset that runs a severe course; usually followed by abrupt recovery
• Latent – held in check by the defensive powers of the host immune system.
• . Subclinical – s/s are mild that remains unnoticed and undiagnosed.
• Terminal – complicating infection that leads to death
• Self-Limited – infection that cures even without drug intervention. Viral infections are usually self-limited.
• Sporadic – occasionally present
• Endemic - constantly present
• Hyperendemic- increased constant presence
• Epidemic – increased presence at short period