Earth science

• The Earth's crust is the outermost layer and is composed of solid rock and soil.
• Volcano: An opening in earth's surface where molten rocks, smoke, gases and ashes are erupted
• Magma Chamber: Beneath the vent of a volcano where magma is stored before eruption
• Main Vent: The main opening on the surface of a volcano that emits lava, gases, ash or other volcanic materials.
• Conduit: Underground central pipe-like structure of a volcano that connects the magma chamber to the crater.
• Side Vent: A smaller outlet through which magma escapes.
• Crater mouth: The funnel-shaped opening at the top of the vent.
• Lava: Molten rock which is given off onto the surface of the Earth.
• Ash and Gas Cloud: Mixtures of rock, minerals, glass particles and gases expelled or pushed out of the volcano during volcanic eruption.
• Stratovolcano (composite volcano): Tall, symmetrical and steep sides, symmetrical and steep sides.
• STRATOVOLCANO Eruptions are dangerous, with many layers of lava and pyroclastic materials.
• Stratovolcanoes are larger than cinder cones, rising up to 8000 feet (2,438 meters).
• Cinder Volcano (Scoria cones): Circular or oval cones with almost vertical slope, wide crater.
• Cinder cone volcanoes are fairly small, generally only about 300 feet (366 meters).
• Shield Volcano: Not high and have a very broad shape with almost no slope.
• SHIELD These volcanoes are built almost entirely of fluid lava flow thus these volcanoes are not steep.
• Active volcano: Erupted recently and still showing regular activity like emission of gases, lava and ash flows.
• Inactive volcano: Have no record of eruption.
• Potentially active volcano: Young looking with no history of eruption.
• Dormant: A Dormant volcano is not extinct but probably won't erupt.
• PHREATIC/ ERUPTION It is short lived, characterized by ash columns but may be a beginning of larger a eruption. ‌ PHREATOMAGNETIC ERUPTION a large column of very fine ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastic materials called base surges are observed. ‌STROMBOLIAN ERUPTION It is a period weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava ‌VULCANIAN ‌is characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ash fall tephra ‌PLINIAN ERUPTION • excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic materials. 
• TAAL VOLCANO is the smallest and most active volcano in the world, located in the province of Batangas.
• MOUNT MAYON is an active stratovolcano located in Albay in Bicol.
• MOUNT PINATUBO is an active stratovolcano located in Zambales and Tarlac.
• SMITH VOLCANO is a cinder cone volcano located in the Luzon Strait.
• MOUNT ARAYAT is a potentially active stratovolcano that is sleeping, located in Pampanga.
• MOUNT APO is a dormant stratovolcano located in Mindanao.
• Mount Mauna Kea is an inactive volcano located on the island of Hawaii, last erupted 100 years ago.
• Mount Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano located in Island Hawaii, last erupted on November 27, 2022.
• Mount Fuji is an active volcano located in Hakone-Izu, last eruption 1707.
• Lava Butte is a cinder cone volcano located in Oregon, last eruption 7,000 years.